Method, sources, and what this map does not claim

Coverage

Languages

726

With a territory

421

Points only

305

Isolates

23

Top-level units

56

Polygon vertices

19,570

Basemap vertices

14,747

Percent with a territory

58%

Glottolog

v5.3

421 of 726 languages have a territory (58%); the rest are points only.

Distribution as described by atlas sources, 1990–2020. This map shows the distribution described by those atlas sources, not a census of who speaks what today.

What this map does not claim

• It is not a census. The polygon sources describe where languages were documented, not who speaks what today.
• Points are midpoints, not locations. A language without a polygon is never inflated into a territory — no convex hulls, no Voronoi.
• Language boundaries are gradients. Dialect continua are the norm, and a crisp polygon edge overstates the sharpness.
• No speaker counts at all. Ethnologue is not used in any field, and a test asserts it.
• Language level only. Glottolog dialects are not mapped in this version.

Sources used

• Glottolog 5.3 as CLDF

  v5.3 · CC-BY-4.0 · catalogue

  Period katalog daring, dimutakhirkan berkelanjutan (2005–2026)

  Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Bank, Sebastian. 2026. Glottolog 5.3. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

• Glottography dataset derived from Asher and Moseley 2007 "Atlas of the World's Languages"

  v2.0 · CC-BY-4.0 · geometry

  Period sebaran tradisional menurut atlas 2007 (1990–2007)

  Asher, R. E. & Christopher J. Moseley (eds.) 2007. Atlas of the World's Languages. 2nd edn. Routledge.

• Glottography dataset derived from Schapper 2020 "Introduction to The Papuan languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar. Volume 3"

  v2.0 · CC-BY-4.0 · geometry

  Period sebaran kontemporer Alor–Pantar menurut Schapper 2020 (2010–2020)

  Schapper, Antoinette. 2020. Introduction to The Papuan languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar. Volume 3. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. doi:10.1515/9781501511158-001.

• Natural Earth vector, 1:10m cultural and physical

  v5.1.2 · public-domain · basemap

  Period garis pantai dan batas negara, edisi 2022 (2022–2022)

  Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain.

Alternate-name providers glottolog, multitree, elcat, wals, lexvo (id)

Licence CC-BY-SA-4.0

Sources refused

• Glottography dataset derived from Wurm and Hattori 1981/83 "Language atlas of the pacific area"

  v2.0 · CC-BY-NC-4.0

  Dirilis dengan lisensi CC-BY-NC-4.0. Pembatasan non-komersial tidak dapat dibawa ke dalam kumpulan data turunan CC-BY-SA-4.0, sehingga poligon atlas Wurm & Hattori tidak disertakan. Poligon pada peta ini berasal dari sumber CC-BY-4.0.

Excluded from the bundle

• kategori Glottolog "Bookkeeping"14
• dialek Glottolog (di luar cakupan v1)12
• kategori Glottolog "Sign_Language"5
• kategori Glottolog "Pidgin"4
• kategori Glottolog "Unattested"3
• kategori Glottolog "Unclassifiable"3
• titik Glottolog di luar kerangka peta1

Endangerment status

• not endangered134
• threatened270
• shifting224
• moribund60
• nearly extinct14
• extinct24

Families

• Austronesian250/464
• Nuclear Trans New Guinea38/69
• Timor-Alor-Pantar20/21
• Lakes Plain10/20
• North Halmahera10/15
• Tor-Orya7/13
• Geelvink Bay4/10
• Greater Kwerba4/8
• South Bird's Head5/8
• Border6/7
• Yam1/5
• Nimboranic3/5
• West Bird's Head5/5
• Anim4/4
• Pauwasi4/4
• Sentanic4/4
• Bulaka River2/3
• East Bird's Head2/3
• Kayagaric3/3
• Kolopom3/3
• Lepki-Murkim-Kembra0/3
• Mairasic2/3
• West Bomberai3/3
• Bayono-Awbono0/2
• Hatam-Mansim2/2
• Indo-European0/2
• Kaure-Kosare1/2
• Konda-Yahadian2/2
• Maybratic2/2
• Mombum-Koneraw2/2
• Namla-Tofanma1/2
• Sko2/2
• Yawa-Saweru1/2
• Abinomnisolate0/1
• Abunisolate1/1
• Burmesoisolate1/1
• Damalisolate1/1
• Demisolate1/1
• Elsengisolate1/1
• Kaporiisolate1/1
• Kehuisolate0/1
• Kimkiisolate0/1
• Massepisolate1/1
• Mawesisolate1/1
• Molofisolate1/1
• Momunaisolate0/1
• Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)isolate1/1
• Maroriisolate1/1
• Mpurisolate1/1
• Pyuisolate1/1
• Sauseisolate1/1
• Senagiisolate1/1
• Tamboraisolate0/1
• Tanahmerahisolate1/1
• Uskuisolate1/1
• Yetfaisolate1/1