What this rests on

Sources

Rulebooks are published, versioned and public, which is the main reason this subject is tractable at all. Every entry cites an edition and, where confirmed, an article — never a summary of one.

Each source below carries its standing: how far the citation has actually been checked. This is rendered rather than hidden, because a site that presents an unconfirmed article the same way as a confirmed one is claiming more than it knows.

6%of 350 rule changes cite a confirmed article. The other 328 name the right edition and say so.

Confirmed articleEdition named, article unconfirmed

Primary, checked: The named edition and article were opened and read.
Primary, named: The right document, but the article number here has not been confirmed against the text.
Secondary: A governing-body statement, circular, or press account rather than the rulebook itself.
Absent: No source found. Entries relying on this render as incomplete.

Rulebooks and records87

Ordered by how many rule changes rest on each.

8rule changes
Asian Games sport programme listings
Primary, named
Olympic Council of Asia · programme listing
Named, not opened. The 2022 Hangzhou roster here was entered from general reference and has not been read line by line off the OCA's own listing.
8rule changes
World Skate Skateboarding Rulebook
Primary, named
World Skate · rulebook
Judging criteria have been revised between every Olympic cycle so far.
8rule changes
World Triathlon Competition Rules
Primary, named
World Triathlon · rulebook
The drafting provisions are the ones that matter here, and they differ between elite and age-group racing — the same sport under two rulebooks.
6rule changes
CMAS Finswimming Rules
Primary, named
Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques · rulebook
6rule changes
IKF Rules of Korfball
Primary, named
International Korfball Federation · rulebook
6rule changes
ITTF Handbook
Primary, named
International Table Tennis Federation · rulebook
The Laws of Table Tennis are Chapter 2 of the Handbook, which is reissued annually. Cite the year of the edition and the numbered law.
6rule changes
Olympedia
Secondary
OlyMADMen / International Olympic Committee · database
Used for the skeleton layer only, never for a cause or a rule citation.
6rule changes
Rules of Tennis
Primary, named
International Tennis Federation · rulebook
Published annually. The four Grand Slam tournaments set some of their own conditions on top of the Rules, which is why final-set formats differed between them for decades.
6rule changes
Sport and Organisation Rules
Primary, named
International Judo Federation · rulebook
Revised at the start of most Olympic cycles, which is why judo's scoring has changed shape several times in twenty years.
6rule changes
The Rules of Golf
Primary, named
R&A and USGA · rulebook
Two bodies jointly own one rulebook and divide the world between them — another variant of the ownership split football and cricket have. The World Handicap System is a separate document.
6rule changes
UCI Cycling Regulations
Primary, named
Union Cycliste Internationale · rulebook
Part 1 covers general organisation and Part 3 track racing; the equipment articles are the ones that matter for the hour record.
6rule changes
World Athletics Technical Rules (Book C, C2.1)
Primary, named
World Athletics · rulebook
Published as the IAAF Competition Rules until the 2019 rename. Javelin specification sits in the throwing-implement rule; cite the rule number of the edition in force, which has been renumbered more than once.
5rule changes
AIBA and IBA Technical and Competition Rules
Secondary
AIBA, later IBA · rulebook
The governing body that made most of the rule changes recorded here lost IOC recognition in 2023. Its documents remain the source for decisions taken while it governed, which is an unusual citation problem.
5rule changes
Code of Points
Primary, named
Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique · rulebook
Published per quadrennium and per apparatus group. The 2006–2008 edition is the one that removed the 10.0 maximum.
5rule changes
Competition Rules
Primary, named
World Aquatics (formerly FINA) · rulebook
The swimwear rules sit in the SW and BL sections. The 2009 Rome congress decision is recorded in FINA congress minutes under the former name.
5rule changes
FEI Rules for Equestrian Events
Primary, named
Fédération Equestre Internationale · rulebook
Published per discipline — jumping, dressage, eventing — plus Veterinary Regulations, which in this sport are competition rules rather than administrative ones.
5rule changes
FIE Technical Rules
Primary, named
Fédération Internationale d'Escrime · rulebook
The material rules and the technical rules are separate books, which matters here: fencing's largest changes were changes to the apparatus, not to the conduct of a bout.
5rule changes
FIP Rules of Polo
Primary, named
Federation of International Polo · rulebook
5rule changes
ICF Competition Rules
Primary, named
International Canoe Federation · rulebook
Published separately for sprint, slalom and the newer kayak cross.
5rule changes
IFAF Flag Football Competition Rules
Primary, named
International Federation of American Football · rulebook
5rule changes
IHF Rules of the Game
Primary, named
International Handball Federation · rulebook
Reissued per cycle, most recently rewritten substantially in 2016.
5rule changes
International Wrestling Rules
Primary, named
United World Wrestling · rulebook
Published separately for freestyle, Greco-Roman and women's wrestling. The 2013 revisions were made under an explicit deadline set by the IOC.
5rule changes
IOF Competition Rules
Primary, named
International Orienteering Federation · rulebook
5rule changes
IPF Technical Rules Book
Primary, named
International Powerlifting Federation · rulebook
5rule changes
ISA Rule Book
Primary, named
International Surfing Association · rulebook
5rule changes
ISSF Official Statutes, Rules and Regulations
Primary, named
International Shooting Sport Federation · rulebook
Contains the finals procedures, which the federation has rewritten more often than any other part of the book and which are the source of this sport's comparability problem.
5rule changes
IWF Technical and Competition Rules and Regulations
Primary, named
International Weightlifting Federation · rulebook
Contains the bodyweight categories, which is where this sport's comparability problem lives: the categories have been redrawn twice and the record list annulled both times.
5rule changes
IWUF competition rules for taolu and sanda
Primary, named
International Wushu Federation · rulebook
5rule changes
IWWF Tournament Rules
Primary, named
International Waterski & Wakeboard Federation · rulebook
5rule changes
Laws of Badminton
Primary, named
Badminton World Federation · rulebook
BWF publishes the Laws as Part II, Section 1A of its Statutes, revised at each Annual General Meeting. Cite the AGM year of the edition.
5rule changes
Laws of the Game
Primary, named
International Football Association Board · rulebook
IFAB publishes an annual edition plus a circular listing that season's amendments. Cite the season (e.g. 1992/93) and the Law number.
5rule changes
Laws of the Game and Sevens Variations
Primary, named
World Rugby · rulebook
Sevens is governed by the fifteen-a-side Laws with a published set of variations, not by a separate book.
5rule changes
Official Baseball Rules
Primary, named
Major League Baseball · rulebook
A league rulebook. Baseball's international federation is the WBSC, but the rule changes that matter to this site were made by MLB, and for forty-nine years its two leagues did not use the same ones.
5rule changes
Official Volleyball Rules
Primary, named
FIVB · rulebook
Reissued per quadrennium.
5rule changes
Rules of Hockey
Primary, named
International Hockey Federation · rulebook
Reissued annually, with a mandatory experiment programme run alongside it.
5rule changes
The Racing Rules of Sailing
Primary, named
World Sailing · rulebook
Reissued every four years. Sailing instructions per event sit on top of it.
5rule changes
WBSC Softball Playing Rules
Primary, named
World Baseball Softball Confederation · rulebook
5rule changes
WKF Competition Rules
Primary, named
World Karate Federation · rulebook
5rule changes
World Archery Rulebook
Primary, named
World Archery Federation · rulebook
Book 3 covers target archery, including the match and set systems.
5rule changes
World Lacrosse Rules
Primary, named
World Lacrosse · rulebook
Sixes has its own rulebook, written in 2021 for Olympic inclusion.
5rule changes
World Rowing Rule Book
Primary, named
World Rowing · rulebook
Contains the provision this site cares about most in any rulebook: rowing recognises world best times rather than world records, because a course's conditions cannot be standardised.
5rule changes
World Squash Rules of Singles Squash
Primary, named
World Squash Federation · rulebook
5rule changes
World Taekwondo Competition Rules
Primary, named
World Taekwondo · rulebook
Revised almost every year since the electronic scoring system arrived, largely to keep pace with what the sensors made possible.
4rule changes
FIPJP Rules of the Game of Pétanque
Primary, named
Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal · rulebook
4rule changes
FIPV reglamento de especialidades
Primary, named
Federación Internacional de Pelota Vasca · rulebook
4rule changes
IBF Playing Rules and equipment specifications
Primary, named
International Bowling Federation · rulebook
4rule changes
ICC Standard Playing Conditions
Primary, named
International Cricket Council · circular
Format-specific, and reissued far more often than the Laws themselves.
4rule changes
ICU Rules and Scoring
Primary, named
International Cheer Union · rulebook
4rule changes
IFA Rules of the Game
Primary, named
International Fistball Association · rulebook
4rule changes
IFF Rules of the Game
Primary, named
International Floorball Federation · rulebook
4rule changes
IFMA Rules of Muaythai
Primary, named
International Federation of Muaythai Associations · rulebook
4rule changes
IFSC Rules
Primary, named
International Federation of Sport Climbing · rulebook
Reissued annually, and the Olympic format has been rewritten between every Games so far.
4rule changes
International Sumo Federation competition rules
Primary, named
International Sumo Federation · rulebook
4rule changes
JJIF Sporting Code
Primary, named
Ju-Jitsu International Federation · rulebook
4rule changes
Laws of Duplicate Bridge
Primary, named
World Bridge Federation · rulebook
4rule changes
UIPM Competition Rules
Primary, named
Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne · rulebook
Published per discipline. The 2022 decision to replace riding is recorded in UIPM Congress minutes rather than in the rulebook of the time.
4rule changes
WAKO General Rules
Primary, named
World Association of Kickboxing Organizations · rulebook
4rule changes
WCBS member federation rules for carom, pool and snooker
Primary, named
World Confederation of Billiards Sports · rulebook
4rule changes
WCF Laws of Association Croquet and Rules of Golf Croquet
Primary, named
World Croquet Federation · rulebook
4rule changes
WDSF Breaking Competition Rules and the Trivium judging system
Primary, named
World DanceSport Federation · rulebook
The Trivium system is documented separately from the competition rules and is the only judging system on this site invented for a single Games.
4rule changes
WDSF Competition Rules
Primary, named
World DanceSport Federation · rulebook
4rule changes
WFDF Rules of Ultimate
Primary, named
World Flying Disc Federation · rulebook
3rule changes
FAI Sporting Code
Primary, named
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale · rulebook
3rule changes
FIDE Laws of Chess and Anti-Cheating Regulations
Primary, named
Fédération Internationale des Échecs · rulebook
3rule changes
IDBF Competition Rules
Primary, named
International Dragon Boat Federation · rulebook
3rule changes
IESF competition regulations
Primary, named
International Esports Federation · rulebook
3rule changes
ILS Competition Rule Book
Primary, named
International Life Saving Federation · rulebook
3rule changes
IRF Official Rules of Racquetball
Primary, named
International Racquetball Federation · rulebook
3rule changes
ISTF Rules of Soft Tennis
Primary, named
International Soft Tennis Federation · rulebook
3rule changes
Official Basketball Rules
Primary, named
FIBA · rulebook
Reissued every four years with interpretations published between editions. The NBA keeps a separate rulebook, and the two differ on the three-point distance and the shot clock reset, so a basketball rule must say which body it belongs to.
3rule changes
Official Rules of the National Basketball Association
Primary, named
NBA · rulebook
A league rulebook, not an international federation's. Included because the shot clock and the three-point line were both NBA rules years before FIBA adopted anything comparable.
3rule changes
The World Games sport programme
Primary, named
International World Games Association · programme listing
Named, not opened. The 2025 Chengdu roster here was entered from general reference and has not been read line by line off the IWGA's own listing.
2rule changes
IKA Rules of Kurash
Primary, named
International Kurash Association · rulebook
2rule changes
ISTAF Laws of the Game
Primary, named
International Sepaktakraw Federation · rulebook
2rule changes
The Laws of Cricket
Primary, named
Marylebone Cricket Club · rulebook
MCC owns the Laws; the ICC runs the international game and issues playing conditions on top of them. The same split as football's, and it means a cricket rule must say whether it is a Law or a playing condition.
2rule changes
TWIF Rules of Tug of War
Primary, named
Tug of War International Federation · rulebook
1rule change
IFAB annual Law amendment circulars
Primary, named
International Football Association Board · circular
1rule change
International Go Federation competition rules
Primary, named
International Go Federation · rulebook
1rule change
World Boxing Technical and Competition Rules
Primary, named
World Boxing · rulebook
Recognised by the IOC for the 2028 Games.
0rule changes
A model for the teaching of games in secondary schools
Secondary
Bulletin of Physical Education · paper
Bunker and Thorpe, 1982. The origin of the invasion / net and wall / striking and fielding / target grouping used by the game-category lens.
0rule changes
BWF Annual General Meeting decisions, 2005
Secondary
Badminton World Federation · minutes
The rally-scoring decision was taken by the membership in 2005 for trial and confirmed for general use in 2006. Minutes not yet obtained.
0rule changes
FINA Bureau decision on swimwear (Dubai Charter)
Secondary
FINA · circular
The decision to permit textile-only suits from 2010 while allowing records set in non-textile suits to stand. Full text not yet obtained.
0rule changes
IFAF Flag Football Rules
Primary, named
International Federation of American Football · rulebook
0rule changes
Olympic Charter
Primary, named
International Olympic Committee · charter
Source of the sport / discipline / event vocabulary used throughout.
0rule changes
UCI Hour Record progression
Primary, named
Union Cycliste Internationale · record-book
The UCI has maintained more than one hour record list at once. Any figure must say which list it belongs to and under which equipment rules it was set.
0rule changes
WBSC Baseball Rules
Primary, named
World Baseball Softball Confederation · rulebook
0rule changes
World Athletics world record progressions
Primary, named
World Athletics · record-book

Photographs561

Photographs are borrowed, so they are cited like everything else borrowed here: author, licence, and the page they came from. Each one is also captioned with what it is actually evidence of, which is usually narrower than the section it sits in — a portrait of a thrower is evidence of the thrower, not of the rule beside it. The diagrams elsewhere on the site are drawn here and carry no credit because none is owed.

Air sports21 photographsPublic domain · No known copyright restrictions · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · CC BY 4.0

Akaflieg Berlin's glider Charlotte at the Rhön competition on the Wasserkuppe, August 1922.
Members of Akaflieg Berlin · Public domain · Commons
The FAI gold medal presented to Charles Lindbergh, awarded on 5 January 1928.
Missouri Historical Society (medal by Le Médaillier) · No known copyright restrictions · Commons
A Grunau Baby III in the German Gliding Museum on the Wasserkuppe.
Aleksandr Markin · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The eta, an open-class two-seat sailplane, taxiing in 2012.
Eta-fliegen · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Jay Long with a hang glider on a hillside, September 1982.
Geoff Charles · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A canopy pilot skimming a pond, January 2008.
Oskari Kettunen · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A 220-size racing quadcopter, 2016.
Commanderbryce · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Drone Racing League aircraft leaving the start, Hawthorne, California, 2016.
Melanie Wallner · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The launch site at the Rhön gliding competition, August 1924.
Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-00625 (photographer unknown) · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
Mountain wave cloud over the Pyrenees, photographed from a glider at 5,320 m.
Robert Prat · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A French barograph of 1930, in the National Air and Space Museum.
Votpuske · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Accuracy landing at the Skydive World Cup Series, Belluno, 2025.
kallerna · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A Swift S-1 aerobatic glider trailing smoke at Kemble, 2009.
Adrian Pingstone · Public domain · Commons
A glider fifty metres above the Rhön, August 1924.
Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-00626 (photographer unknown) · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
Paragliders over Ölüdeniz, Turkey, launched from Babadağ, 2019.
dronepicr · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A DG-505 two-seater ridge soaring in Pennsylvania, 2007.
Dhaluza · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Paragliding accuracy at the Natural Games, Millau, 2017.
Antoine Lamielle · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A pilot drops a marker at the 22nd FAI World Hot Air Balloon Championship, 2016.
Pekachu · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A sixteen-way skydiving formation over Peterborough, 2014.
Alistair Christie · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
An F1A free-flight glider coming off its towline, 2005.
Liav he · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The top of the atmosphere, photographed from the International Space Station in 2006.
NASA Earth Observatory · Public domain · Commons

Archery12 photographsPublic domain · CC0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY 3.0

Archers in combat, from a Mesolithic rock painting at the Cova del Roure, Morella la Vella, Spain.
Eduardo Hernández Pacheco · Public domain · Commons
The team competition at the St. Louis Games, 1904.
Jessie Tarbox Beals (attributed) · Public domain · Commons
Eugène Grisot, winner of the continental-style event at London 1908.
La Vie au Grand Air · Public domain · Commons
An archer with a modern recurve bow, 2025.
Hemant23071999 · CC0 · Commons
A Hoyt compound bow with twin cams, 2007.
StromBer · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Olympic archery at Lord's Cricket Ground, 29 July 2012.
Mark Hillary · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The archery range in the Sambódromo, Rio de Janeiro, August 2016.
Jorge mello ej · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Officials checking line cutters at a 70-metre target, London 2012.
Andy Rogers · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
South Korea's women's team celebrate Olympic gold, London 2012.
Korean Olympic Committee, via Korea.net · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The Olympic Green Archery Field during the men's individual event, Beijing 2008.
Shizhao · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Ebrahim Ranjbar Kivaj shooting in the para-archery match at the 2013 Archery World Cup final, Paris.
Pierre-Yves Beaudouin · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A field archer at the Yorkshire Field Archery Championships, 2008.
Mr Barndoor · CC BY 3.0 · Commons

Athletics24 photographsCC BY-SA 3.0 de · CC0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Public domain · CC BY 3.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY 4.0

Uwe Hohn in 1984, the year he threw 104.80 m.
Wolfgang Kluge · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
Runners on a Panathenaic prize amphora, Athens, about 530 BC.
Euphiletos Painter (attributed); Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 · Commons
Tossing the caber at the Helensburgh Highland Games, 2019.
AlasdairW · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The start of a 100 m heat at the first modern Olympics, Athens, 1896.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
The javelin medallists in Helsinki, June 1965: Terje Pedersen, Jorma Kinnunen and Gergely Kulcsár.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
A Nike Vaporfly Next% being cut in half, 2019.
Seth James DeMoor · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
Jim Thorpe in the decathlon pole vault, Stockholm 1912.
IOC photographer · Public domain · Commons
Paavo Nurmi, in a newspaper photograph of 1924.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
A false start in the women's 100 m hurdles, London 2012.
Tom Page · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The photo-finish image of Marlies Oelsner's 100 m world record, Dresden, 1 July 1977.
Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-S0702-0019 (photographer unknown) · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
Roger Bannister, 1954.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Pressure-sensitive starting blocks on the 100 m line, 2007 Pan American Games, Rio de Janeiro.
Andrew Hecker · Public domain · Commons
Race walking at the 2026 European Athletics Championships.
Bearas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The honours boards inside St Patrick's High School, Iten, Kenya, 2009.
edskoch · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Usain Bolt seconds after winning the 100 m, Beijing 2008.
Richard Giles · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Eliud Kipchoge in the last 200 m of the INEOS 1:59 Challenge, Vienna, October 2019.
Triathlet 79 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Munich's Olympic Stadium laid out for athletics, annotated.
BlackEyedLion · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A men's 2 kg competition discus, marked as IAAF certified.
Karl432 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Dick Fosbury clearing the bar at the 1968 US Olympic trials, Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Times · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
A pole vaulter on the runway at the Linz athletics gala, 2018.
Isiwal · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A men's 110 m hurdles semi-final at the Beijing Olympics, 2008.
akiwitz · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A heptathlete in the long jump at the French championships, Paris, 2013.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
A discus thrower in the cage at DécaNation, Paris, 2014.
Pierre-Yves Beaudouin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Guy Husson throwing the hammer at Boulogne-Billancourt, June 1962.
Lucien.BJ · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Badminton17 photographsCC BY-SA 2.0 · Public domain · CC0 · No known copyright restrictions · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY 2.0

The group match at London 2012 that changed the draw.
Tom Page · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Jean-Siméon Chardin, Girl with Racket and Shuttlecock, 1737.
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin · Public domain · Commons
A woman holding a shuttlecock, with a battledore tucked under her arm. Detail of a Japanese hanging scroll.
Torii Kiyotomo (attributed); Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 · Commons
Badminton House, Gloucestershire, the east front, photographed for In English Homes in 1909.
Charles Latham · Public domain · Commons
A game on a lined garden court, Deseronto, Ontario, August 1908.
Deseronto Archives · No known copyright restrictions · Commons
The court, as drawn in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.
Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition · Public domain · Commons
A mixed doubles match at the 2018 Asian Games, Jakarta, with the scoreboard in view.
Griff88 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A feathered shuttlecock: sixteen feathers set in a cork base.
Stanislas PERRIN · Public domain · Commons
A synthetic shuttlecock, 2022.
Janakiraman janaki · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The Olympic badminton court at the Porte de la Chapelle arena, Paris 2024.
Chabe01 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A mixed doubles pair and their opponents with the umpire and service judge, BWF World Senior Championships, Ankara.
Murray Foubister · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Istora Senayan, Jakarta, during the 2026 Indonesia Open.
Griff88 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Lin Dan of China in the Olympic men's singles final, London 2012.
Antony Stanley · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Viktor Axelsen of Denmark at the Indonesia Masters, 2018.
Fauziananta · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia in the Olympic men's singles final, London 2012.
Antony Stanley · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The women's doubles final at the Beijing Olympics, 2008: South Korea against China.
Tom Thai · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The mixed doubles final at London 2012, two Chinese pairs.
Peter · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons

Baseball18 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY 2.0

A daguerreotype said to show members of the New York Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, about 1847.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
General Abner Doubleday, photographed by Mathew Brady's studio.
Mathew Brady studio · Public domain · Commons
Doubleday Field, Cooperstown, New York, 2009.
Wknight94 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The stitching on a minor league baseball, 2021.
OKJaguar · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Doc Bushong, Brooklyn's catcher, on an Old Judge cigarette card, 1888.
Goodwin & Company · Public domain · Commons
Bob Gibson of the St. Louis Cardinals, 1967.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Carl Yastrzemski of the Boston Red Sox, 1969.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
A newspaper description of the shift used against Cy Williams, May 1923.
Billy Evans · Public domain · Commons
The Los Angeles Angels shifting their infield, 2015.
Jon Gudorf Photography · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The pitch clock at Citi Field, April 2023, its first month in the major leagues.
D. Benjamin Miller · CC0 · Commons
An umpire calling a play at home plate, Washington, between 1910 and 1930.
National Photo Company · Public domain · Commons
"Play Under Review" on the scoreboard at Camden Yards, Baltimore, 2016.
Keith Allison · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
An automated ball-strike challenge at a Triple-A game in Buffalo, June 2025.
James161723 · CC0 · Commons
Two US soldiers outside Koshien Stadium, around 1947.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Cuba's national team against the Tampa Bay Rays, Estadio Latinoamericano, Havana, March 2016.
US Department of State · Public domain · Commons
The Diamond, Richmond, Virginia, from above, 2023.
Quintin Soloviev · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Shohei Ohtani pitching for Japan against Italy at the World Baseball Classic, Tokyo, March 2023.
Scinsvche · CC0 · Commons
Before a Nippon Professional Baseball game, Fukuoka Dome, 2009.
JoshBerglund19 · CC BY 2.0 · Commons

Basketball14 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0

The first published picture of the game, from The Triangle, 15 January 1892.
The Triangle (Springfield YMCA training school) · Public domain · Commons
James Naismith with a soccer ball and a peach basket.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Finland against Slovenia at EuroBasket 2017, Helsinki.
Tuomas Vitikainen · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
David Robinson shooting a free throw for the United States against Puerto Rico, Barcelona 1992.
Ken Hackman, US Air Force · Public domain · Commons
Wilt Chamberlain at the rim for the Philadelphia 76ers, 1967.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
A shot clock at 8 and the game clock at 11.8, above a basket in a 2013 college game.
TonyTheTiger · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A game on a dirt court in San Vicente, Palawan, the Philippines, 2009.
Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Rucker Park, Harlem, New York, 2008.
Stefano Brivio · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Lithuania's team after winning EuroBasket 1937, their first European title.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Yao Ming of the Houston Rockets, Washington, 2006.
Keith Allison · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The court and its markings, labelled, on the dimensions of an NBA court.
Lencer · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The women's Olympic final, London 2012.
saw2th · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Wheelchair basketball, the Netherlands against Japan, Paris 2024 Paralympics.
Gail Leenstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A ball dropping through the rim.
Kerelin Molina, US Air Force · Public domain · Commons

Basque pelota15 photographsCC BY-SA 2.5 · Public domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.5 · CC BY 4.0 · CC0 · CC BY 3.0

The Salle du Jeu de Paume at Versailles, now a museum.
BenP · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Commons
Gustave Colin, A game of pelota under the ramparts of Fontarrabie, 1863.
Gustave Colin · Public domain · Commons
The village fronton at Sare, Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
JLPC · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The two pairs at the 1900 Paris Games: Abadiano and Elicegui for Spain, Chiquito de Cambo and Apesteguy for France.
Le Sport universel illustré · Public domain · Commons
Hand pelota at the La Blanca tournament, Vitoria-Gasteiz, August 2019.
Pixelillo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A grand chistera, the long wicker basket, 2006.
Harrieta171 · CC BY 2.5 · Commons
A xistera, a helmet and a ball, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2025.
Landita · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The court at Miami Jai-Alai, built in 1926, photographed in 2013.
Lander Eizagirre · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Cesta punta at the Gernika Jai Alai fronton, 2025: Erika Mugartegi in blue, Elaia Gogenola in green.
Gorkaazk · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
The jai alai hall in Havana, on a postcard of 1904.
Detroit Photographic Co. · Public domain · Commons
The Manila Jai Alai building in 1955.
US Navy · Public domain · Commons
Jai alai at the reopening of the Frontón México, Mexico City, 2017.
Gobierno de la Ciudad de México · CC0 · Commons
The trinquet at Arcangues, in the French Basque Country.
xganachex · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
A remonte match at the Jai Alai fronton in San Sebastián, 1922.
Ricardo Martín · Public domain · Commons
The 2013 Basque Pelota World Cup at Le Haillan, France.
Pierre-Yves Beaudouin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Billiards sports14 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY 2.0

French ground billiards, from a woodcut of 1480.
Artist unknown · Public domain · Commons
Three men playing billiards with maces, about 1730.
Artist unknown · Public domain · Commons
A man with a cue and a woman with a mace at the same table, from Michael Phelan's The Game of Billiards, 1859.
Michael Phelan · Public domain · Commons
Cues and ivory billiard balls at the Judges' Lodgings, Lancaster.
Hazel Maher · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A cube of billiard chalk, worn by use.
Jonas Bergsten · Public domain · Commons
A carom table in the Café Zéphyr, Paris, 2007.
David Monniaux · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A snooker table set for the break, seen from the baulk end.
Lee Vilenski · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The Crucible Theatre, Sheffield, during the 2024 World Snooker Championship.
BennyOnTheLoose · CC0 · Commons
Referee Tatiana Woollaston at the table, German Masters, 2025.
Andrej146 · CC0 · Commons
Koya Ogata of Japan at the table in the 1965 world three-cushion championship.
Jan Voets, for Anefo · CC0 · Commons
Ding Junhui at the Masters, London, 2025.
Kroome111 · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
A cue-sports room in a Shenzhen shopping mall, 2025.
PDD Ping Done OK · CC0 · Commons
Efren Reyes of the Philippines at the World 9-Ball Championship, Doha, 2012.
Vinod Divakaran, for Doha Stadium Plus · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The Dutch artistic billiards championship, Haarlem, January 1982.
Hans van Dijk, for Anefo · CC0 · Commons

Board games16 photographsPublic domain · CC BY 2.0 · CC0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0

A chess problem from the Libro de los juegos, Seville, 1283.
Scriptorium of Alfonso X · Public domain · Commons
A bishop from the Lewis chessmen, twelfth century.
Jessica Spengler · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A game of go watched by elegantly dressed women, by Hishikawa Moroshige, about 1700.
Hishikawa Moroshige · Public domain · Commons
One of the two cabinets of IBM's Deep Blue, at the Computer History Museum, California.
Anton Chiang · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A Staunton-pattern chess set, 2024.
Wilfredor · CC0 · Commons
A Soviet mechanical chess clock, the Jantar.
Alexandr Kapustnikov · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Board, stones, bowls and an electronic clock, halfway through an amateur go game.
HermanHiddema · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Arbiters Anil Surender and Cor Roet at the Tata Steel tournament, Wijk aan Zee, January 2012.
Stefan64 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Uzbekistan's team at the 44th Chess Olympiad, Chennai, 2022.
Youth Affairs Agency of Uzbekistan · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Anatoly Karpov at the Tilburg tournament, September 1977.
Koen Suyk, for Anefo · CC0 · Commons
Two workers playing xiangqi in Xiangshan Park, Beijing, October 1984.
BabelStone · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Xiangqi players and onlookers in Columbus Park, Manhattan, 2008.
Daniel Schwen · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A go tournament in Sankt Augustin, Germany, 2006.
Jens Ohlig · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A xiangqi board painted on a table, Vietnam, 2026.
Manhdeptraipro2114 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The shogi set used in the fourth game of the 56th Ōi title match, Fukuoka, August 2015.
Fabien Osmont · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Nurgyul Salimova of Bulgaria at the board, Chess Olympiad, Chennai, 2022.
Paul Meyer-Dunker · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Boules sports15 photographsPublic domain · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC0

Eduardo Zamacois, Jesters Playing Cochonnet, 1868.
Eduardo Zamacois y Zabala · Public domain · Commons
A game of boules at Cannes, on a postcard of 1905.
LL (postcard publisher) · Public domain · Commons
The plaque at the boulodrome in La Ciotat: "C'est en l'an 1910 sur ce terrain que fut créé le jeu de pied-tanqué."
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
William Glackens, Bowlers, La Ciotat, 1930.
William James Glackens · Public domain · Commons
Boules players on a village square in the Drôme.
Médiathèques Valence Romans Agglomération · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A boule covered in iron studs.
Tapautour · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A set of steel competition boules and a jack.
Chauki · Public domain · Commons
A player measuring the distance from a boule to the jack, Cotonou, Benin.
Domingo Daniella Rhode · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Shooting at pétanque, Gréoux-les-Bains, 2006.
ADT 04 · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Thailand against Laos in the women's triples at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games.
Roel Balingit · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The pétanque terrain in the Jardin du Luxembourg, Paris, 2016.
Jason Riedy · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The terrain d'honneur for the finals of the Mondial la Marseillaise, Marseille, 2022.
Marianne Casamance · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Dylan Rocher in the precision shooting competition, European Junior Championships, Martigny, 2006.
Buahaha · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The French boule lyonnaise championship at L'Arbresle, 2016.
Renhour48 · CC0 · Commons
Guignol at a boules contest, from the Lyon républicain, July 1895.
Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon (Numelyo) · CC0 · Commons

Bowling15 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 2.0

Jan Steen, Skittles Players outside an Inn, about 1660–63.
Jan Steen · Public domain · Commons
Children playing nine-pins, a hand-coloured engraving of 1818.
Illustrator unknown · Public domain · Commons
Pin boys at the Subway Bowling Alleys, Brooklyn, at one in the morning, April 1910.
Lewis Wickes Hine · Public domain · Commons
A reactive resin ball, drilled for a fingertip grip.
RCraig09 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A urethane ball, drilled the same way.
RCraig09 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
An automatic lane-dressing machine at work.
TH1RT3EN · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Diagrams of a typical house oil pattern and a sport pattern, with darker blue for heavier oil.
RCraig09 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Bowling at the 2014 Asian Games, Anyang, South Korea.
hyolee2 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A Brunswick automatic pinsetter, its panel showing which pins are standing.
Yuccavalerie · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Two lanes and their pin boys, between 1890 and 1910, with the sign: "Stepping or sliding over the foul line is absolutely prohibited on these alleys."
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
A disused bowling alley in Queenstown, Singapore, 2009.
yeowatzup · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The former Amherst Bowling Center, Buffalo, New York, in 2020.
Andre Carrotflower · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Romania's women's nine-pin team after winning their fourth consecutive world title, 1972.
Dragoș Neagu · Public domain · Commons
Christian Wilhelm Allers, "Alle Neune", from his Club series, 1888.
Christian Wilhelm Allers · Public domain · Commons
The dimensions of a nine-pin pin, from the World Ninepin Bowling Association.
World Ninepin Bowling Association · Public domain · Commons

Boxing12 photographsPublic domain · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0

John L. Sullivan, photographed by José María Mora in 1882.
José María Mora · Public domain · Commons
The Marquess of Queensberry, caricatured by Leslie Ward ("Spy") in Vanity Fair, 1877.
Leslie Ward · Public domain · Commons
A women's bout, captioned as taking place at the St. Louis Games of 1904.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Nicola Adams against Ren Cancan in the women's flyweight final, London 2012.
Kent Capture · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A trainer adjusting a boxer's headguard, Pearl Harbor, 2007.
US Navy · Public domain · Commons
Oleksandr Khyzhniak against Hebert Conceição in the men's middleweight final, Tokyo 2020.
Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Khyzhniak against Eumir Marcial in the middleweight quarter-final, Tokyo 2020.
Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
A boxer going down against the ropes, Montreal, July 1937.
Conrad Poirier · Public domain · Commons
Teófilo Stevenson of Cuba against Olaf Walther, 1984.
Thomas Lehmann, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1984-0331-021 · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
Kazakhstan's supporters at the boxing tournament of the 2018 Youth Olympics, Buenos Aires.
BugWarp · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Katie Taylor of Ireland at the London 2012 Olympics.
cormac70 · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The boxing ring at Riocentro, Rio de Janeiro, 2016.
Jonas de Carvalho · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons

Breaking10 photographsCC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC0 · CC BY 4.0

The entrance of 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, 2008.
Stephanie Morillo · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
B-boy Pumba in the cypher at the Rock Steady Crew's 30th anniversary jam, the Bronx, July 2007.
NexusMoves · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The podium of the mixed international breaking event at the 2018 Youth Olympic Games, Buenos Aires.
BugWarp · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A breaker performing in the street, Hamburg, 2007.
Jan Zimmermann · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A DJ adjusting a turntable before a set, 2003.
Amin Eshaiker · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
B-boy Lilou on the jury of a Red Bull BC One qualifying cypher, Riga, 2011.
Neva Micheva · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A breakdance contest in the Vondelpark, Amsterdam, August 1984.
Rob Bogaerts, for Anefo · CC0 · Commons
The first South Baden breakdance championship, Freiburg im Breisgau, March 1984.
Marlis Decker, Staatsarchiv Freiburg · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
B-Boy Marcio of France doing an airflare in a battle, 2007.
B2frison · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A b-boy in the cypher at R-16, South Korea, 2014.
gbern3 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons

Canoeing13 photographsPublic domain · CC BY 2.0 · CC0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · CC BY 4.0

An Inuit man with his kayak and double-bladed paddle, photographed in 1854.
Edward Augustus Inglefield · Public domain · Commons
A birchbark canoe in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.
Thomas Quine · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
John MacGregor paddling the Rob Roy through Tuttlingen, from his own account of the journey, 1866.
John MacGregor · CC0 · Commons
Frank Amyot of Canada carried by teammates after winning the C-1 1,000 m, Berlin 1936.
Official report of the 1936 Games · CC0 · Commons
The Lee Valley White Water Centre during the London 2012 Games.
Ian Capper · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A paddler through the gates at La Seu d'Urgell, Spain, 2019 World Championships.
Antoine Lamielle · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Noemie Fox of Australia in the women's C-1 at the 2022 World Championships, on the Augsburg Eiskanal.
Stefan Brending (2eight) · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
Four kayaks on the start ramp in kayak cross, Paris 2024.
AlSepPhoenix · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Kayak cross boats together in the water, Paris 2024.
AlSepPhoenix · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Mònica Doria of Andorra among the gates in the C-1, La Seu d'Urgell, 2019.
Antoine Lamielle · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The women's K-4 at Eton Dorney during the London 2012 Olympics.
David Hawgood · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Elena Micozzi at the Canoe Slalom World Cup in Prague, 2023.
Pavel Hrdlička · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The men's K-4 500 m final at the 2016 European Championships, Moscow.
Voltmetro · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Cheerleading9 photographsPublic domain · CC BY 4.0 · CC0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.0

The University of Southern California's yell leaders, around 1915–17, with their megaphones at their feet.
Photographer unknown (USC Libraries) · Public domain · Commons
Cornell University cheerleaders in a Liberty stunt, Cornell against Penn, 2019.
Kenneth C. Zirkel · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
A pyramid on stage: a High Chair in the middle and 2-2-1 formations at the sides, 2009.
Cheerrebel · CC0 · Commons
Chinese Taipei's coed team throwing flyers at the ICU World Championships.
AndrewMT · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
University of Memphis cheerleaders in a coed double Cupie, 2013.
Johnharrison1995 · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
Cornell's squad on the sideline at the Cornell–Penn game, November 2019.
Kenneth C. Zirkel · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Finland's captain Cristian Tissari da Costa in the chant section of a routine, ICU World Championships, 2025.
CheerWriterFi · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A base holding a flyer in a heel stretch above his head at a college game.
John Martinez Pavliga · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
University of Pennsylvania cheerleaders at the Penn–Cornell game, November 2019.
Kenneth C. Zirkel · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Contract bridge12 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY 3.0

Johann Anton Sarg and three friends playing whist.
Artist unknown (York Art Gallery) · Public domain · Commons
Harold Vanderbilt, photographed for the Bain News Service.
Bain News Service · Public domain · Commons
Players and spectators at the Culbertson–Beasley match, 1933.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
An auction made with bidding boxes: each call is a printed card laid on the table.
KoeppiK · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A bridge table with a screen, the tray and board in the middle.
KoeppiK · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A screened table at the European Bridge Team Championships, Opatija, 2014, seen from above.
European Bridge League · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Discarded convention cards and a bidding box, European Bridge Team Championships, 2014.
European Bridge League · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The playing area of the European Bridge Team Championships, Opatija, 2014.
European Bridge League · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Rahmi Iyilikci, tournament director, European Bridge Team Championships, 2014.
European Bridge League · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Austria's winning team in 1937, with two American players.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
The screen up and the play under way, European Bridge Team Championships, 2014.
European Bridge League · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A bidding box, a hand of thirteen cards, and a call of one no-trump.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 3.0 · Commons

Cricket16 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY 3.0 · CC0 · CC BY 2.0

Cricket, an engraving of 1743 after Francis Hayman's painting for Vauxhall Gardens.
After Francis Hayman; engraved by Antoine Benoist · Public domain · Commons
The Pavilion at Lord's, the home of the Marylebone Cricket Club.
PaddyBriggs · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The Great Britain team that beat France at the 1900 Paris Games.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Francis Cotes, Charles Collyer as a Boy, with a Cricket Bat, 1766.
Francis Cotes · Public domain · Commons
Alastair Cook batting for Essex, 2014.
Kroome111 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Gloves, bat and helmet on the grass during a club match, 2019.
Acabashi · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Eden Gardens, Kolkata, before an Indian Premier League match in May 2008.
Partha Bhaumik · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
"A clear case": leg before wicket, from the Badminton Library's Cricket, 1904.
Illustrator unknown · Public domain · Commons
Hemu Adhikari out LBW to Bill Johnston for nought, Sydney, December 1947.
Herald and Weekly Times · Public domain · Commons
Bangladesh against South Africa at the first ICC World Twenty20, Cape Town, 2007.
Warrenski · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
An umpire giving a batter out, 2005.
Kroome111 · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
Afghanistan's team walking off after the first innings of a World Cricket League match against Ireland, Rotterdam, 2010.
Harrias · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Stumps and bails at a club ground, 2018.
Acabashi · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A cricket match played by the Countess of Derby and other ladies, 1779.
Artist unknown · Public domain · Commons
England's players at Lord's on the day of the 2017 Women's World Cup final.
Robert Drummond · CC0 · Commons
Ian Bell batting in a Test at Lord's, England against Sri Lanka, June 2011.
Gareth Williams · CC BY 2.0 · Commons

Croquet11 photographsPublic domain · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 3.0

Winslow Homer, Croquet Scene, 1866.
Winslow Homer · Public domain · Commons
An F. H. Ayres "Wimbledon" croquet set, in the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum.
Matt Brown · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Croquet on the lawns of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, 2011.
N Chadwick · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A croquet match at the 1900 Paris Games.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
An old garden croquet set in its stand.
Joe Mabel · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A carbon-fibre mallet, composition balls and a cast-iron championship hoop.
Winnywinn · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Hurlingham House and its croquet lawns, London, 2007.
Carol · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A mallet, a ball and a hoop at a tournament, 2018.
Guillermo Navarro · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The MacRobertson Shield, with the four balls of association croquet.
Christine Irwin · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
Roque at the 1904 St. Louis Games.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Gateball at a citizens' festival in Gyeongju, South Korea, 2008.
Grete Howard · CC BY 3.0 · Commons

Cycling14 photographsCC BY-SA 3.0 · Public domain · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.0

A Rover safety bicycle of 1885, in the Science Museum, London.
Jonathan Cardy · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The front page of L'Auto on 1 July 1903, announcing the start of the first Tour de France.
L'Auto · Public domain · Commons
The start of the first stage of the first Tour de France, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, July 1903.
Jules Beau · Public domain · Commons
Maurice Garin, winner of the first Tour de France, photographed by the Meurisse agency.
Agence Meurisse · Public domain · Commons
The cobbled Trouée d'Arenberg during Paris–Roubaix, 2008.
Jack Thurston · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The bicycles Eddy Merckx used for his hour record in Mexico City, 1972.
eugenio.baccarini · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Graeme Obree's bicycles on display at the Riverside Museum, Glasgow.
Ed Webster · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The Lotus 108, the one-piece carbon bicycle Chris Boardman rode to Olympic pursuit gold in 1992.
Paul Hudson · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Rohan Dennis during his hour record in Grenchen, Switzerland, February 2015.
Christophe95 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Race vehicles including a commissaire's car behind the peloton, Tour de France, 2023.
Cjp24 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The Manchester Velodrome during a men's keirin, 2011.
Andrew Last · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Egan Bernal of Colombia in the yellow jersey on the final stage of the 2019 Tour de France, Paris.
Chabe01 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Riders behind the derny in a keirin, European Track Championships, Apeldoorn, 2011.
...some guy · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The peloton behind the race director's car at the start of a Tour de France stage, 2013.
Pymouss · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons

DanceSport11 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 2.0

A St. Valentine's dance and ballroom competition at the Royal Palace Hotel, Kensington, February 1921.
Morey, for the Topical Press Agency · Public domain · Commons
An international amateur dance tournament at Kieler Woche, Kiel, 1963.
Friedrich Magnussen · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
Benedetto Ferruggia and Claudia Köhler, German, European and world amateur Standard champions, 2010.
Sigismund von Dobschütz · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Miha Vodičar and Nadiya Bychkova of Slovenia dancing the cha-cha-cha at the 2012 WDSF World Latin Championships, Vienna.
Ailura · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Men's ballroom shoes.
Martin Kozák · Public domain · Commons
Women's ballroom shoes.
Martin Kozák · Public domain · Commons
A Latin couple at the Blaues Band der Spree competition, Berlin, 2016, with other couples dancing behind them.
Thomas Quine · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Kristina Raczova of Slovakia in the paso doble, 2012 WDSF World Latin Championships.
Ailura · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The Tower Ballroom, Blackpool.
Michael Beckwith · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Jantar Elbląg of Poland at the 2022 WDSF European Formation Standard Championship.
Stefan Brending (2eight) · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
The Latin formation team of ATSC Blau-Silber Aachen, 2007.
Thornard · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons

Dragon boat10 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC0

Qu Yuan, by Chen Hongshou, seventeenth century.
Chen Hongshou · Public domain · Commons
A dragon boat on the river at Changde, Hunan, between 1900 and 1919.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Dragon boats on the canal at Datang, Guangzhou, during the Duanwu Festival, 2011.
Newnujilb · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A crew at the Stanley International Dragon Boat Championships, Hong Kong, 2011.
istolethetv · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Dragon heads from Wuchang dragon boats, on display.
CatOnMars · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A crew at the Alkmaar dragon boat festival, the Netherlands, 2022.
Rene Cortin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A Swedish steerer at the IDBF World Championships in Szeged, 2013.
SwedishDragonboat · CC0 · Commons
Standard boats in their lanes at the IDBF World Championships, Szeged, 2013.
SwedishDragonboat · CC0 · Commons
The SurviveOars, a breast cancer survivors' paddling team, at Morro Bay, California.
Mike Baird · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The Concord Pacific Dragon Boat Festival, Vancouver, 2015.
Jsdyson · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Duathlon11 photographsCC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.0 · Public domain · CC BY-SA 3.0

The start of the Solana Beach Duathlon, California, 2013.
Chris Hunkeler · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A British athlete at the finish of the ITU Duathlon World Championships, Ottawa, 2013.
Ozzymate · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A time-trial bicycle with triathlon extensions.
Glory Cycles · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A breakaway on the bike at the ITU World Championship Series triathlon, London, 2011.
Gemma Bardsley · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Competitors leaving transition with their bikes at the Devil Dog Duathlon, Camp Pendleton, California, 2012.
US Marine Corps · Public domain · Commons
A competitor at the dismount line of the Diss Duathlon, Norfolk, 2009.
Katy Walters · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The men's start at Powerman Zofingen, Switzerland, 2017.
Ozzymate · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Diego Van Looy of Belgium winning the long-distance world championship at Powerman Zofingen, 2019.
Kronsmans · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Arthur Serrières winning the Xterra cross triathlon at Prachatice, Czech Republic, 2020.
Jan Beránek · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Skaters in the Winterlude Triathlon on Dow's Lake, Ottawa, 2020.
TomasNotThomas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A competitor at the Spanish long-distance triathlon and aquabike championships, Pontevedra, 2018.
Harpagornis · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Equestrian11 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0

Captain Henryk Roycewicz of the 25th Greater Poland Uhlans on Arlekin III in the eventing dressage test, Berlin 1936.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Ágoston Endrődy of Hungary on the cross-country phase of the eventing competition, Berlin 1936.
Photographer unknown · Public domain · Commons
Lis Hartel of Denmark and Jubilee in the dressage at Helsinki, 1952.
IOC photographer · Public domain · Commons
A frangible pin on a cross-country fence, Kelsall Hill Horse Trials, 2015.
Jonathan Hutchins · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A cross-country fence at the Chatsworth Horse Trials, 2015.
Jonathan Hutchins · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A horse and rider over a fence at Badminton Horse Trials, 1990.
Ray Bird · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Cross-country at Badminton Horse Trials, 2016.
Ray Bird · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The dressage arena on the Maifeld during the 1936 Olympics, with the Olympic Stadium behind.
Fortepan (donor Károly Vass) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Charlotte Fry and Glamourdale in the dressage arena at Paris 2024.
Eponimm · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Boyd Exell of Australia with his four-in-hand at the World Cup driving final, Bordeaux, 2013.
Prométhée33 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Sophie Christiansen and Janeiro 6 in para dressage at the 2014 World Equestrian Games.
Florence.Skowron · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Esports8 photographsCC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0

Spacewar! running on the restored PDP-1 at the Computer History Museum, California.
Joi Ito · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A StarCraft team at the GOMTV studio in Seoul before a Global StarCraft League match, 2011.
Nick Pettit · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Players at their machines at IEM Katowice, 2020.
VaKarM.net · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The International, the Dota 2 world championship, at KeyArena, Seattle, 2014.
Dota 2 The International · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A trailer for the Olympic Esports Week at Raffles City, Singapore, 2023.
Choo Yut Shing · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A PC bang, a Korean gaming café, in 2001.
Alex C · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
LGD Gaming at the 2015 LPL summer final, China's League of Legends league.
Bruce Liu · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The Spodek arena, Katowice, during IEM Katowice Major 2019.
Esports Kingdom · CC BY 2.0 · Commons

Fencing13 photographsPublic domain · CC BY 3.0 · CC BY 2.5 · CC BY-SA 3.0

A plate from Domenico Angelo's The School of Fencing, London, 1765.
Domenico Angelo · Public domain · Commons
Daniel Jérent of France against Tomasz Motyka of Poland in team épée, 2013 World Championships, Budapest.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
Jérémy Cadot of France parrying a flèche from Andrea Baldini of Italy, foil, Paris, 2013.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 2.5 · Commons
Áron Szilágyi of Hungary against Nikolay Kovalev of Russia in the sabre semi-final, 2013 World Championships, Budapest.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
The final sword match at the first modern Olympics, Athens, 1896.
Albert Meyer · Public domain · Commons
Albert Ayat and Ramón Fonst in the Tuileries during the 1900 Paris Games.
Jules Beau · Public domain · Commons
A fencing mask at the French Championships, 2013.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 2.5 · Commons
Referee Florin Gheorghe asking for video review in the final of the Challenge International de Paris, 2014.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
The referee and the video consultant watching a replay together, Challenge International de Paris, 2014.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
Nedo Nadi of Italy at the 1912 Stockholm Olympics.
IOC photographer · Public domain · Commons
South Korea's men's sabre team — Gu Bon-gil, Kim Jung-hwan, Oh Eun-seok and Won Jun-ho — on the podium at the 2013 World Championships.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
Pistes in Hall B at the 2013 World Championships, Budapest, during the team épée.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Ana Maria Brânză of Romania against Lauren Rembi of France in the team épée bronze match, 2013 World Championships.
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 3.0 · Commons

Finswimming14 photographsCC BY-SA 4.0 · Public domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC0 · CC BY 4.0

Competitors at a four-club finswimming meet in the covered municipal pool, Bologna, 17 May 1959.
Andrea Pavone Coppola · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Franco Pavone, centre, with Italy's first national finswimming team in Russia, 1965. Air cylinders stand at their feet.
Andrea Pavone Coppola · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A Soviet postal card for the European Championships in speed underwater sports, Moscow, 1972, with the CMAS emblem and a gold-medal stamp.
Ministry of Communications of the USSR · Public domain · Commons
Finswimmers starting from the blocks at the first World Games, Santa Clara, 1981.
Jeff in CA · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A finswimmer in training at the covered pool on Izsáki út, Kecskemét, Hungary, 1976, a monofin laid over the starting block.
Fortepan (donor Tamás Urbán) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Nándor Kiss in a CMAS racing suit, a modern monofin in his hand.
Finswimmer Magazine · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A monofin beside a pair of long bi-fins.
Emma & Michael's Excellent Adventures · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A swimmer with a centre-mounted snorkel running over the forehead.
Schwimmschule Steiner · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The finswimming relay medal ceremony at the first World Games, 1981.
Jeff in CA · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Jakub Jarolím of Czechia stepping onto the starting block in a monofin and centre snorkel, 2016.
Cimba69 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The poster for the 1980 world finswimming and underwater speed championships, Stadio del Nuoto, Bologna.
Andrea Pavone Coppola · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Viktoriia Uvarova of Ukraine with a gold medal at the 2023 CMAS Finswimming European Championships.
MarySport · CC0 · Commons
Jakub Jarolím swimming a monofin dolphin kick, seen from above, 2013.
Cimba69 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Ukraine's relay team on the podium at the 8th World Junior Finswimming Championships, Bratislava, 2005.
Ласта2005 · CC BY 4.0 · Commons

Fistball19 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 3.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0

Piazza di Sant'Antonio Abate, Fano, where pallone was played: an ink-and-wash view by G. B. Theill, 1779.
G. B. Theill · Public domain · Commons
The sferisterio at the Cascine in Florence, with a crowd along one side and players on the long court.
Unknown photographer (uploaded by DAF, Italian Wikipedia) · Public domain · Commons
The title page of Antonio Scaino's Trattato del giuoco della palla, Venice, 1555.
Antonio Scaino · Public domain · Commons
A spread from Scaino's treatise, 1555: the ball drawn with its diameter, beside the spiked bracciale worn on the forearm.
Antonio Scaino · Public domain · Commons
The first fistball team of TV Steinbach, 1926: Oswald Kring, Julius Otto, Reinhard Pulverich, Ernst Kring and Richard Pulverich.
TSV Steinbach Haiger · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Teams lined up before the 2015 club world championship, the Mundial de Punhobol Interclubes, a Brazilian flag among them.
Nouem Comunicação Integrada · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The medal ceremony after the fistball final at the 2005 World Games in Duisburg.
Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A nineteenth-century wooden bracciale, with two balls, in the Museo di Palazzo Taglieschi, Anghiari.
Sailko · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
A bracciale on a player's arm before a strike, Treia, 2018.
Cristina Morettini 95 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A Swiss player preparing to serve at the 2005 World Games in Duisburg, the tape running between its two posts.
Flingeflung · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Switzerland against Argentina in the group stage of the 2005 World Games, Duisburg.
Flingeflung · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Janna Meiners setting for Bianca Mollenhauer of Germany, 2004 European Championships.
Felix Stoeldt · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A fistballer defending at full stretch on grass.
Heino Kreyenfeld · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Marcel Stoffel of Switzerland setting for Cyrill Schreiber, sliding in to play the ball off his forearm.
Heino Kreye · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Niels Pannewig attacking for Germany against Brazil in the group stage of the 2005 World Games, Duisburg.
Flingeflung · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Ralf Kallmeyer of Turnerschaft Hannover defending in the 1997 World Cup final against Sogipa of Porto Alegre.
Flingeflung · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
An Australian player serving at the 2014 Asian Fistball Championships.
Themilney · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Germany against Switzerland at the 2005 World Games, Duisburg: the whole grass field, with the tape across its centre.
Flingeflung · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The bronze-medal match at the 2007 World Championships in the Marschwegstadion, Oldenburg.
Gruni70 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons

Flag football15 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 3.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0

U.S. Marines of Combat Logistics Company 28 playing flag football between their trucks at Camp Dwyer, Helmand province, Afghanistan, 2013.
Sgt. Anthony Ortiz, U.S. Marine Corps · Public domain · Commons
Soldiers of the 1st Cavalry Division lining a dirt field at Al Salam Palace, Baghdad, for the 2007 Baghdad Bowl flag football game.
Staff Sgt. Sean A. Foley, U.S. Army · Public domain · Commons
An intramural flag football game at the University of Texas at Austin, 2006.
Enoch Lai · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A United States player carrying the ball at the 2023 IFAF Americas Continental Flag Football Championship.
USA Football · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
A ball carrier twisting away from a defender's grab, both wearing flag belts.
JJ Hohorst · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A ball carrier running between defenders in a Navy against Army game at Camp Shields, Okinawa, 2025.
Justin Rayburn, U.S. Navy · Public domain · Commons
Two Army defenders reaching for the flags of a Navy quarterback at Corry Station, Pensacola, 2007.
Gary Nichols, U.S. Navy · Public domain · Commons
An intramural touchdown celebration at Tulane University, 2009, the referee beside the scorer.
Tulane Public Relations · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The women's team of Cobras Cancún after their first win of the 2019 season.
Edison20 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A Japanese team at the snap in a beach flag football game, Phuket.
Phuket@photographer.net · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The Laski flag football team of Petrozavodsk, Russia, 2017.
Gunners 27 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The United States women's team lined up at the 2023 IFAF Americas Continental Flag Football Championship.
USA Football · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
Fluminense Guerreiras celebrating in a Brazilian five-a-side flag final against SP Storm.
Vanessa Yorio · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Soldiers playing flag football on Audi Field, Washington, after an XFL season opener, 2020.
Sgt. Nicholas T. Holmes, U.S. Army · Public domain · Commons
United States players with their medals at the 2023 IFAF Americas Continental Flag Football Championship.
USA Football · CC BY 3.0 · Commons

Floorball17 photographsCC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC0

UHC Urdorf on the opening day of the first Swiss national league season, 6 November 1983, with their plastic sticks on the grass in front of them.
The Floorballer · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The final table of the first Finnish championship season, 1986–87.
Japetus16 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A floorball ball.
Santeri Viinamäki · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
A floorball blade and ball.
Santeri Viinamäki · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Finland's goalkeeper Lassi Toriseva on his knees in front of goal against Sweden at the 2022 World Championships.
Albinfo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
An outdoor floorball rink in the yard of Seinäjoki co-educational school, Finland, 2023.
Weisself · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A street floorball tournament on Paasikivi Square, Finland, 2011.
Anneli Salo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Swiss referees Corina Wehinger and Sandra Zurbuchen at Sweden against Finland, 2022 World Championships.
Albinfo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Corina Wehinger indicating a penalty during Sweden against Finland, 2022.
Albinfo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Josef Rýpar of the Czech Republic in the penalty box against Slovakia, 2022 World Championships.
Albinfo · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Sweden celebrating the 2022 world title in Zurich.
Albinfo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Finland with the trophy after beating Sweden in the 2018 world final, Prague.
Rolandhino1 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Singapore against the Philippines at the 2022 World Championships.
Albinfo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Canada against Thailand at the 2022 World Championships.
Albinfo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A face-off between Sweden and the Czech Republic in the 2022 world final.
Albinfo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A goalmouth scramble at a league game in Turku, Finland, 2005, the goalkeeper down on the floor.
Anssi Koskinen · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Swiss fans as Switzerland take the lead in the women's final of the 2025 three-a-side world championships.
Gyokuro-du-Rhin · CC0 · Commons

Flying disc20 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 2.5 · CC0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0

Walter Frederick Morrison, in a space helmet, promoting his Pluto Platter, around 1950.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
A red Wham-O Frisbee from 1966.
UnifiedFunctionality · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The plaque at Columbia High School, Maplewood, New Jersey: "Birthplace of Ultimate Frisbee, created by Columbia High School students in 1968."
dkg · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Commons
A Wham-O Professional Model Frisbee marked for the Canadian Open, 1972.
Audra454 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A Frisbee World Class 141 g model, 1978, with the signatures of the Canadian champions Ken Westerfield and Brian McElwain.
Audra454 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
James White of Virginia Commonwealth University releasing a throw past a marker.
Evanf32 · CC0 · Commons
Ed Headrick with a disc golf basket.
Tinking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A disc golf bag: a putter, a driver and two mid-ranges.
Scott Schiller · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The United States against Australia in the ultimate final of the 2005 World Games, Duisburg.
Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The Madison Radicals against the Chicago Wildfire in an American Ultimate Disc League game, Breese Stevens Field, Madison, 2019.
Willsome429 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Two players going up together for a disc in a friendly between Frizzly Bears Aachen and Pie Wagon Newcastle, Aachen.
fw42 · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Two University of Wisconsin players with the Kevin Crowley Spirit Award, an internal award of the Hodags.
Jeffmaskalunas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Ultimate at the 2013 World Games in the Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero, Cali.
Remux · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Great Britain against Japan at the 2013 World Games, Cali.
Sahaquiel9102 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A University of Wisconsin–Madison ultimate team, described by its uploader as the university's first.
Jeffmaskalunas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Players at a basket during the 2022 World Team Disc Golf Championship, Varaždin, Croatia.
Dinko Šimenc · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Germany against Canada at the 2005 World Games in Duisburg, the end zone marked with cones.
Flingeflung · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Ken Westerfield making a freestyle scissors catch, 1977.
Audra454 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Freestyle players at the 2015 world championships, SSC Karlsruhe.
SSC Karlsruhe / Michael Chaussette · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A beach ultimate match at the Paganello tournament, Rimini, 2016.
HartemLijn · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Football20 photographsCC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Public domain · CC BY 2.5 · CC BY 3.0 · CC0

Royal Shrovetide Football at Ashbourne, Derbyshire, Ash Wednesday 2016: a crowd, a ball held aloft, and no pitch.
Ian Calderwood · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
The Football Association's minute book at the National Football Museum, Manchester, open at Ebenezer Cobb Morley's minutes of the Freemasons' Tavern meeting of 24 November 1863, beside the printed first laws.
Adrian Roebuck · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The Football Association's plaque at 61–65 Great Queen Street, London, the site of the Freemasons' Tavern.
Spudgun67 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
William Ralston's drawing of the first international, Scotland against England, Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow, 1872.
William Ralston · Public domain · Commons
The Adidas Telstar Durlast, official ball of the 1970 World Cup in Mexico.
Zac Allan · Public domain · Commons
Adidas balls for the 2010 World Cup on sale, among them versions of the Jabulani.
BrokenSphere · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A modern shin guard.
Luxo · CC BY 2.5 · Commons
The Home of FIFA, the federation's headquarters in Zurich.
Albinfo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Preston North End, the first Football League champions, 1888–89.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
A ball commemorating Italia '90, in the Museo del Calcio, Florence.
Sailko · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
The stadium screen announcing a VAR penalty review at the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup, Lumen Field, Seattle.
SounderBruce · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A diagram of goal-line technology: sensors on the goal frame, a signal to the referee's watch.
Ranjithsiji · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Referee Baldomero Toledo at the pitchside monitor during Seattle Sounders against Sporting Kansas City, 2018. The review ended in a red card.
SounderBruce · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The Chilean FIFA assistant referee Marcia Castillo flagging during Universidad de Chile against Santiago Wanderers, 2018.
Javiera Mera García · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Schoolchildren playing football on a dirt pitch, Margarita Island, Venezuela, 2014.
Wilfredor · CC0 · Commons
Children playing football in a dirt courtyard.
Johnnybam · CC0 · Commons
The captains Alice Kell of Dick, Kerr Ladies and Madeleine Bracquemond of France greeting before the first women's international, Preston, 1920.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
FAR Rabat against TP Mazembe in the final of the 2024 CAF Women's Champions League.
Reda Benkhadra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Tobin Heath of the United States taking a corner in the 2019 Women's World Cup final, Lyon.
Holly Cheng · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The United States receiving their medals after the 2019 Women's World Cup final, Lyon.
Holly Cheng · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Golf14 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC0 · CC BY 3.0 br

"Grand golf tournament by professional players on Leith Links, 17th May 1867": among the names printed beneath, Tom Morris and Tom Morris Jun.
Unknown photographer (Library of Congress) · Public domain · Commons
The clubhouse of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club behind the Swilcan Burn bridge on the Old Course, St Andrews.
Optograph · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Two competitors on the same tee in the women's championship at the 1900 Paris Olympics.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
Margaret Abbott playing in the women's golf event at Compiègne during the 1900 Games, from La Vie au Grand Air.
Unknown photographer (La Vie au Grand Air) · Public domain · Commons
Six featherie golf balls.
Geni · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Walter Travis with the Havemeyer Trophy after his second U.S. Amateur title, 1901. On the table is the Haskell rubber-cored ball he won with.
Stuyvesant Company · Public domain · Commons
Hickory-shafted irons.
Pvt pauline · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A 460 cc titanium-era driver beside an early-1980s persimmon driver.
ReignMan · Public domain · Commons
Cleveland CG14 wedges, their packaging advertising the brand's biggest grooves.
Kevin Ho · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Inbee Park of South Korea on the 16th tee at Royal Lytham & St Annes before the 2009 Women's British Open.
Wojciech Migda · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A three-tier floodlit driving range in Kobe, Japan, 2016.
zaopharm · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The roadside entrance to Ranran Club, a driving range in Matsudo, Chiba.
Higa4 · CC0 · Commons
The Olympic golf course at Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, built for 2016.
Miriam Jeske / Brasil2016.gov.br · CC BY 3.0 br · Commons
Old Tom Morris on a golf course, 1880.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons

Gymnastics20 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · CC BY-SA 2.0

Nadia Comăneci, three-time Olympic champion, 1976.
I.P. „Filaret” · Public domain · Commons
Pupils of the Friedrich-Gymnasium on the Turnplatz in the Hasenheide, Berlin, 1903, with the monument to Jahn behind them.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
Swedish gymnastics at the Royal Gymnastics Central Institute, Stockholm, around 1910.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
A team demonstration on the parallel bars at the 1896 Athens Olympics.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
Tang Xijing of China in the uneven bars final at the 2018 Youth Olympics, Buenos Aires.
Martin Rulsch · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The rope for hauling yourself out of a foam pit, Black Hills Gymnastics, Washington.
Rick McCharles · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A. G. Spalding's No. 0 vaulting horse, used by the German Turners at the 1904 international competition, shown in a model gymnasium.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
The vaulting horse at the Dutch women's championships, Leiden, 1959.
Harry Pot / Anefo · CC0 · Commons
Sam Dick in the air above the vaulting table in the vault final at the 2018 Youth Olympics, Buenos Aires.
Martin Rulsch · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The judges' tables at the 2024 rhythmic gymnastics World Cup in Sofia.
FloweringDagwood · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Nadia Comăneci at the 1976 Montreal Olympics, above a scoreboard reading 1.00.
Unknown photographer (Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee) · Public domain · Commons
Judges' tables around the horizontal bar during men's qualification at the 2010 Youth Olympics, Singapore.
Jacklee · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Mohamed Afify of Egypt after a vault in qualification at the 2018 Youth Olympics, the difficulty value, DV 4.00, on the board beside him.
Martin Rulsch · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Katalin Makray of Hungary with Polina Astakhova and Larisa Latynina of the Soviet Union on an Olympic podium in Tokyo, 1964.
Associated Press · Public domain · Commons
The East German men's team leaving the arena after winning team bronze at the 1972 Munich Olympics.
Ulrich Kohls / Bundesarchiv · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
The United States women with their team gold at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
Fernando Frazão / Agência Brasil · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The Chinese national team at the 2026 American Cup.
SpiritedMichelle · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Simone Biles in the beam final at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
Fernando Frazão / Agência Brasil · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The scoreboard at the end of the women's all-around final at the 2012 London Olympics.
David Jones · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A rhythmic gymnastics group routine with hoops at the 2017 Summer Universiade, Taipei.
Wei-Te Wong · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons

Handball14 photographsCC BY-SA 3.0 de · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 2.0

Handball players in a game on a grass field, October 1953.
Roger Rössing / Renate Rössing (Deutsche Fotothek) · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
THW Kiel and VfL Wolfsburg shaking hands before the final of the North German field handball championship, Kiel, 1964.
Friedrich Magnussen · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Commons
Janko Bozovic of Austria in the air between two Czech defenders, 2018.
Granada · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Kiril Lazarov of RK Zagreb holding the ball in one hand, 2009.
Armin Kübelbeck · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A tin of handball wax, a grip resin for the fingers.
Armin Kübelbeck · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A referee's hand with two whistles, at the women's cup Final Four in Germany, 2021.
Steffen Prößdorf · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Bertrand Gille of France held up by three Czech defenders at the 2010 European Championship.
Steindy · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Ferenc Ilyés of Hungary blocked with a foul by Artur Siódmiak of Poland, 2010.
Steindy · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Mohamed Mamdouh of Egypt among the French defence at the 2011 World Championship.
Guillaume Baviere · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The final of the 2015 World Championship, Qatar against France, in Lusail.
Zyzzzzzy · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The women's semi-final between Hungary and the Netherlands at the 2019 beach handball European championship.
Marcus Cyron · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Norway against Brazil in the women's tournament at the 2016 Rio Olympics, Future Arena.
Leandro Neumann Ciuffo · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
A referee showing the signal for entering the goal area.
LarsKimpel · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A team timeout card on the bench table, women's Bundesliga, 2021.
Steffen Prößdorf · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Hockey18 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 3.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0

A composite stick with a hockey ball resting against its flat face.
Sigma1981 · Public domain · Commons
A penalty corner for China against Korea at the 2012 London Olympics, played around the circle.
The Hammer · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The South African College intervarsity ladies' hockey team in play, 1919.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
India scoring against Switzerland, 6–0, at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics.
Unknown photographer (Spaarnestad) · Public domain · Commons
An attack on the Swiss goal during India against Switzerland, Amsterdam, 1928.
Unknown photographer (Spaarnestad) · Public domain · Commons
An artificial-turf hockey pitch in Saanich, British Columbia.
John Newcomb · CC BY 3.0 · Commons
A broken wooden hockey stick with no protective wrapping.
Papanugue · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A drag flick at a club match at Neston, 2017.
AJBUSH1963 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The Netherlands and British India teams posing together in a full Olympic Stadium, Amsterdam, 1928.
Unknown photographer (Spaarnestad) · Public domain · Commons
Great Britain against Japan at the 2012 London Olympics, an umpire by the circle.
Paul Stephenson · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Hockey's green, yellow and red cards.
Redmar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Dhyan Chand with the ball against France in the 1936 Olympic semi-final, Berlin.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
India's team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, Dhyan Chand standing second from left.
Unknown photographer · Public domain · Commons
The Netherlands celebrating women's Olympic gold, London 2012.
Ross Huggett · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Argentina's women, Las Leonas, before the 2010 World Cup in Rosario.
Luis Oviedo Ortiz · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
Argentina preparing to defend a penalty corner against Germany, London 2012.
Simon Q · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Simon Gougnard of Belgium preparing to inject a penalty corner at the 2012 London Olympics.
Rega Photography · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
A ticket to the hockey stadium at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, 9 August.
IOC · Public domain · Commons

Ju-jitsu14 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0

Jujutsu from the Hokusai Manga: throws, holds and locks, some against an armed opponent.
Katsushika Hokusai · Public domain · Commons
A throw from the Tenjin Shinyō-ryū, illustrated by Yoshida Chiharu.
Yoshida Chiharu · Public domain · Commons
Kanō Jigorō, aged about 32, around 1892.
Unknown photographer · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A technique of the Yanagi-shin Kacchū-ryū: seize the striking wrist, move behind, lock the elbow and throw.
古武 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
An armbar in a gi grappling competition.
parhessiastes · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Commons
No-gi grappling during a black belt test.
Mark Bonica · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
Vincenzo Ciolino in a ju-jitsu bout, 2014, both fighters in gloves and shin protection.
Vincicioli · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Matthias Käfer and Mark Hendrich-Szokol at the Lower Austrian ju-jitsu championships, 2017.
Herzi Pinki · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Cassio Werneck's hand raised after winning gold at the 2012 IBJJF No-Gi World Championship, Long Beach.
Theentropykid · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A jiu-jitsu demonstration at the Paris Préfecture de Police, November 1905.
Agence Rol · Public domain · Commons
"The Suffragette that Knew Jiu-Jitsu": Punch, 6 July 1910.
Arthur Wallis Mills · Public domain · Commons
Satricia Knake and Elena Zenkevich at the result of their bout, World Professional Jiu-Jitsu Championship, Abu Dhabi, 2012.
Profigrappling · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The scoreboard at the Lower Austrian ju-jitsu championships, 2017, showing two pairs.
Herzi Pinki · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A demonstration of Yōshin Koryū.
川内鉄三郎 · Public domain · Commons

Judo15 photographsPublic domain · CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY 3.0 br · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC0 · CC BY 4.0

The Kodokan at Suidōbashi, Tokyo, 1937, with banners for a national championship.
Kodansha · Public domain · Commons
Fumio Asakura's statue of Kanō Jigorō outside the Kodokan, Tokyo.
Fumio Asakura · Public domain · Commons
The open-category podium at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics: Anton Geesink on top, Akio Kaminaga second, Ted Boronovskis and Klaus Glahn third.
Unknown photographer (Asahi Shinbun) · Public domain · Commons
Coloured belts for the student grades.
chris 論 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Two judoka, one in blue and one in white, gripping each other's jackets at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
Fernando Frazão / Agência Brasil · CC BY 3.0 br · Commons
Teddy Riner of France throwing in blue against white at the 2012 London Olympics.
Martin Hesketh · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The Kodokan today: the main building and the International Judo Center, Bunkyō, Tokyo.
Miyuki Meinaka · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Anton Geesink honoured at Utrecht city hall after his 1961 world title, with mayor Coen de Ranitz.
Wim van Rossem / Anefo · CC0 · Commons
The referee signalling during groundwork in a bronze medal match at the 2018 Youth Olympics, Buenos Aires.
Martin Rulsch · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A referee's call at the 2015 Military World Games, one pair throwing, another on the mat beside them.
Johnson Barros · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The statue of Majlinda Kelmendi in Pejë, Kosovo.
IsaBoletinii · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Teddy Riner with his gold medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
Roberto Castro / Brasil2016.gov.br · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
The referee's signal for ippon.
Emmanuel Roquette · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The contest area and its safety zone at the 2018 Youth Olympics, Buenos Aires.
Martin Rulsch · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Mongolia's mixed team at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
Daieuxetdailleurs · CC BY 4.0 · Commons

Kabaddi18 photographsCC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY 2.0 · CC BY 4.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0

A tackle in a village kabaddi match at Soorakudi, Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu.
Rainer Halama · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Children playing ha-du-du in Bangladesh.
S. M. Anisur Rahman · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A kabaddi match at the 2006 Asian Games, Doha.
Doha 2006 · CC BY 2.0 · Commons
The Pro Kabaddi League arena for the 2024 semi-finals, Balewadi, Pune.
DesiBoy101 · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
A game of kabaddi on the sandy bed of the Kaveri at Talakadu, Karnataka.
రవిచంద్ర · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Teams holding hands in their half before a raid, Soorakudi, Tamil Nadu.
Rainer Halama · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A raid in a 2024 Pro Kabaddi League semi-final in Pune, "Team Review" signage around the mat.
DesiBoy101 · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Bengaluru Bulls with the Pro Kabaddi League trophy after the sixth season, 2019.
My Khel · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Wales against India at the 2025 Kabaddi World Cup.
Bearas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A referee watching a tackle at a tournament in Bangladesh.
Frameofashik · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Iran's men defending against a raid at the 2018 Asian Games, Jakarta.
Amir Hosseini · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Iran's women on the podium at the 2018 Asian Games, Jakarta.
Amir Hosseini · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
A team lined up on a chalked outdoor court in Bangladesh.
Frameofashik · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
Kabaddi at Maini, Pakistan, played as winter arrives, with the village watching.
Zafar Hayat Khan · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
A circle-style kabaddi tournament on grass in Punjab, organised by the Bhullar group.
Jaipartapsinghbhullar · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
A diagram of the circle-style ground: 22 metres across for men, 16 for women.
Malikhpur · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
The court in the 2024 Pro Kabaddi League semi-finals, Pune.
DesiBoy101 · CC BY 4.0 · Commons
Scotland against England at the 2025 Kabaddi World Cup.
Bearas · CC BY 4.0 · Commons