Ancient Egypt

Three thousand years of one country, kept together by a river that floods on schedule. Egypt is the state that other ancient states are measured against — the earliest with a bureaucracy, a surveyed tax base and a settled idea of what a king was for — and it broke apart and reassembled on roughly the same ground more than once.

The line below is a time axis. Position on it is date, so concurrency is visible: concurrent polities sit side by side rather than in sequence.

5 sourced edges run between this region and another, to Kingdom of Kush, Neo-Assyrian Empire and Achaemenid Empire. Those are not drawn on this line — a thread that crossed regions would assert a sequence nobody cited — but they are on each polity’s own page.

3000 BC2800 BC2600 BC2400 BC2200 BC2000 BC1800 BC1600 BC1400 BC1200 BC1000 BC800 BC600 BC400 BCEgypt, Early Dynastic Period 3000 BC – 2686 BCEgypt, Old Kingdom 2686 BC – 2181 BCEgypt, First Intermediate Period 2181 BC – 2055 BCEgypt, Middle Kingdom 2055 BC – 1650 BCThe Hyksos 1650 BC – 1550 BCEgypt, New Kingdom 1550 BC – 1077 BCEgypt, Third Intermediate Period 1077 BC – 728 BCEgypt, Saite Period 664 BC – 525 BCEgypt, the Native Restoration 404 BC – 343 BC2686 BC Egypt, Old Kingdom claimed legitimacy of Egypt, Early Dynastic Period (contested)2181 BC Egypt, First Intermediate Period partitioned from Egypt, Old Kingdom2055 BC Egypt, Middle Kingdom overthrew Egypt, First Intermediate Period1650 BC The Hyksos seceded from Egypt, Middle Kingdom1550 BC Egypt, New Kingdom overthrew The Hyksos1077 BC Egypt, Third Intermediate Period partitioned from Egypt, New Kingdom