Concurrency, not sequence
Timeline
Overlap is the point: 419 of these 419 ran concurrently with at least one other, which is the thing a list of dynasties by region cannot show you. Rows are sorted by cited start date, so a neighbour on this axis is a contemporary — and standing at a year says who else was there. A soft bar end means the sources disagree about when it started or stopped.
How many at once
peak 122 in the 1400s
3000 BC2000 BC1000 BCAD 110001900
Spans
Searches names and regions
Drag to see who was standing
cited span contested end cited peak extentphases written
Egypt, Early Dynastic Period3000–2686 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Egypt, Old Kingdom2686–2181 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Akkadian Empire2334–2154 BCchapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, end, afterlife
Gojoseon (Old Joseon)2332–106 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Egypt, First Intermediate Period2181–2055 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Old Elam: Awan, Shimashki and the Sukkalmahs2150–1750 BCchapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Third Dynasty of Ur2112–2004 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Egypt, Middle Kingdom2055–1650 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Dynasty of Isin2004–1778 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Larsa1910–1763 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
First Dynasty of Babylon1894–1595 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Hittite Empire1650–1180 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, aside, afterlife
The Hyksos1650–1550 BCchapters at formation, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kassite Dynasty of Babylon1595–1140 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Egypt, New Kingdom1550–1077 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kizzuwatna1550–1390 BCchapters at formation, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Mitanni1550–1260 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Middle Elamite Kingdom1400–1110 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Middle Assyrian Kingdom1363–1056 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Egypt, Third Intermediate Period1077–728 BCchapters at formation, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Neo-Assyrian Empire911–609 BCchapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Urartu860–590 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Kush850 BC – AD 350chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Saba'800 BC – AD 275chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Neo-Elamite Kingdom770–645 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Roman Kingdom753–509 BCchapters at formation, expansion, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Median Empire678–549 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Egypt, Saite Period664–525 BCchapters at formation, aside, expansion, contraction, end
Neo-Babylonian Empire626–539 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Etruscan League (Etruria)616–283 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Achaemenid Empire550–330 BCchapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Carthage537–146 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Roman Republic509–27 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Egypt, the Native Restoration404–343 BCchapters at formation, expansion, aside, end
Nanda Empire361–322 BCchapters at formation, peak, aside, end
Macedonian Empire336–323 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Media Atropatene323 BC – AD 226chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Ptolemaic Kingdom323–30 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Maurya Empire322–185 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Seleucid Empire312–63 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Iberia302 BC – AD 588chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Attalid Kingdom282–133 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Pontus281–63 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Kingdom of Persis280 BC – AD 224chapters at formation, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Antigonid Macedon277–168 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Satavahana Empire271 BC – AD 174chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom256–125 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Parthian Empire247 BC – AD 224chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Qin Empire221–206 BCchapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Xiongnu Confederation209 BC – AD 91chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, aside, afterlife
Han Empire202 BC – AD 220chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Numidia202–46 BCchapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Caucasian Albania200 BC – AD 822chapters at formation, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Indo-Greek Kingdoms200 BC – AD 10chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Teotihuacan200 BC – AD 700chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Kingdom of Greater Armenia190 BC – AD 428chapters at formation, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Shunga Empire185–72 BCchapters at formation, peak, aside, end
Nabataean Kingdom168 BC – AD 106chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Adiabene160 BC – AD 226chapters at formation, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Elymais147 BC – AD 224chapters at formation, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Characene141 BC – AD 222chapters at formation, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Hasmonean Kingdom140–37 BCchapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Mauretania111 BC – AD 40chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Himyar110 BC – AD 570chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kanva Empire72–27 BCchapters at formation, aside, end
Silla57 BC – AD 935chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Buyeo (Puyŏ)50 BC – AD 17chapters at formation, contraction, end
Goguryeo37 BC – AD 668chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Herodian Kingdom37 BC – AD 92chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Roman Empire27 BC – AD 395chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Baekje18 BC – AD 660chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Kushan Empire30–375chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Gaya Confederacy41–527chapters at formation, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Aksum100–940chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Zhangzhung100–634chapters at formation, aside, end
Tiwanaku180–1050chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Champa192–1471chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Pallava Dynasty200–897chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Cao Wei220–265chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Sasanian Empire224–651chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Palmyrene Empire260–273chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Jin Empire265–420chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Tikal292–869chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Moche (Mochica)300–1000chapters at formation, peak, end
Nasrids of al-Hira300–602chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Gupta Empire320–550chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, end, afterlife
Northern Wei386–535chapters at formation, peak, aside, contraction, end
Rouran Khaganate394–552chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Byzantine Empire395–1453chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Suebic Kingdom of Gallaecia411–585chapters at formation, peak, end
Burgundian Kingdom412–534chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Visigothic Kingdom418–711chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Liu Song (Southern) Dynasty420–479chapters at formation, peak, end
Hujrid Dynasty425–550chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Palenque431–814chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Vandal Kingdom439–534chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Hephthalite Confederation440–561chapters at formation, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Southern Qi Dynasty479–502chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Merovingian Kingdom481–751chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Ostrogothic Kingdom493–553chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Jafnid Dynasty502–636chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Liang Dynasty502–557chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Yamato (Imperial Japan)540–1192chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Chalukya Empire (Badami)543–753chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
First Turkic Khaganate552–744chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Chen Dynasty557–589chapters at formation, peak, end
Northern Zhou557–581chapters at formation, peak, end
Avar Khaganate558–805chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Lombard Kingdom568–774chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Alodia580–1504chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Sui Empire581–618chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Pandya Kingdom590–1330chapters at formation, peak, end
Wari600–1000chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, end
Harsha Empire606–648chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Tang Empire618–907chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Tibetan Empire618–842chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
The Community at Medina622–632chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, end, afterlife
Calakmul623–909chapters at formation, peak, end
Rashidun Caliphate632–661chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Khazar Khaganate650–969chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Bavand Dynasty651–1349chapters at formation, peak, aside, afterlife
Kingdom of Makuria651–1365chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Umayyad Caliphate661–750chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
The Sunda Kingdom669–1579chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Srivijaya671–1275chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Zubayrid Caliphate680–692chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife, aside
First Bulgarian Empire681–1018chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Republic of Venice697–1797chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Ghana700–1240chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kanem-Bornu700–1893chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Toltec Empire710–1064chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Balhae713–926chapters at formation, peak, end
Kingdom of Asturias718–910chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, end
Papal States728–1870chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Pala Empire730–1197chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Medang732–1016chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Uyghur Khaganate744–840chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Abbasid Caliphate750–1258chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Ibadi Imamate of Oman750–893chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Rashtrakuta Empire753–973chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, end, afterlife
Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba756–1031chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Mercia757–825chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Midrarid Emirate of Sijilmasa757–976chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Rustamid Imamate776–909chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Idrisid Dynasty788–974chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Shirvanshahs799–1538chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, end, afterlife
Aghlabid Emirate800–909chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Carolingian Empire800–888chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife, aside
The Khmer Empire802–1431chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Wessex / England802–1066chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire816–1090chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Samanid Empire819–1005chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Ziyadid Dynasty819–1018chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Tahirid Dynasty821–873chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Navarre822–1512chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Chandela Dynasty of Jejakabhukti831–1203chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Great Moravia836–907chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Karakhanid Khanate840–1212chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Scotland842–1707chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Chola Empire850–1554chapters at formation, peak, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Dublin852–1171chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Saffarid Dynasty861–1003chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
The Danelaw / Viking York865–954chapters at formation, aside, expansion, contraction, afterlife
Tulunid Emirate868–905chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Emirate of Derbend869–1077chapters at formation, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Bohemia872–1620chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Kingdom of Norway872–1814chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, end
Kievan Rus'878–1240chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Ghurid Sultanate879–1215chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Bagratid Armenia884–1045chapters at formation, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Hamdanid Dynasty890–1004chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Western Xia890–1227chapters at formation, peak, aside, contraction, end
The Kingdom of Hungary895–1526chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Later Baekje897–936chapters at formation, peak, end
Zaydi Imamate of Yemen897–1962chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Qarmatian State of Bahrayn899–1077chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Cahokia900–1400chapters at formation, peak, end
Taebong905–918chapters at formation, peak, end
The Five Dynasties907–960chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Fatimid Caliphate909–1171chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of León and Castile910–1492chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end
Duchy of Normandy911–1204chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Kingdom of Croatia914–1102chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Liao Empire916–1125chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Goryeo918–1392chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Volga Bulgaria922–1237chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, end
Kingdom of Guge930–1630chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Ziyarid Dynasty931–1090chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Buyid Confederation934–1062chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Ikhshidid Emirate935–969chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Denmark940–1814chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Shaddadid Emirate951–1199chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end
Kilwa Sultanate957–1505chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Song Empire960–1279chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end
Ghaznavid Empire962–1186chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Holy Roman Empire962–1806chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
The Kingdom of Poland964–1569chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Sharifate of Mecca967–1925chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Zirid Dynasty972–1148chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Marwanid Emirate983–1085chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Sweden983–1815chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Kingdom of France987–1792chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Uqaylid Emirate990–1096chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Ma'munid Khwarazmshahs995–1017chapters at formation, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Republic of Pisa1004–1509chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end
Kingdom of Georgia1008–1490chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Kakuyid Dynasty1008–1141chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Hoysala Empire1022–1342chapters at formation, peak, end
Najahid Dynasty1022–1158chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Taifa of Seville1023–1091chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Mirdasid Emirate1024–1080chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Aragon1035–1479chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside
Great Seljuk Empire1037–1194chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Almoravid Empire1040–1147chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
The Kingdom of Kediri1042–1222chapters at formation, peak, aside, end, afterlife
The Kingdom of Pagan1044–1287chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Sulayhid Dynasty1047–1138chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Sena Dynasty of Bengal1050–1199chapters at formation, peak, end
Cuman-Kipchak confederation1054–1331chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Dai Viet under the Ly and the Tran1054–1400chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of England (Norman and Plantagenet)1066–1485chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Ammarid Emirate of Tripoli1070–1109chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Danishmendid Dynasty1071–1178chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Khwarazmian Empire1077–1231chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Sultanate of Rum1077–1308chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia1080–1375chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Zurayid Dynasty1080–1173chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Gahadavala Dynasty of Kanauj1090–1194chapters at formation, peak, end
Nizari Isma'ili State1090–1273chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife, aside
Principality of Antioch1098–1268chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
County of Edessa1098–1150chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Republic of Genoa1099–1797chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Jerusalem1099–1291chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Chahamana Dynasty of Ajmer1100–1192chapters at formation, peak, end
Great Zimbabwe1100–1450chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Tepanec Empire1100–1428chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Artuqid Dynasty1102–1409chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Republic of Florence1102–1531chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
County of Tripoli1102–1289chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Burid Emirate of Damascus1104–1154chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Jin Empire1115–1234chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Almohad Caliphate1121–1269chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Qara Khitai1124–1218chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Zangid Dynasty1127–1250chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Sicily1130–1194chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
The Republic of Novgorod1136–1478chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Ethiopian Empire1137–1974chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Portugal1139–1580chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Kakatiya Dynasty1150–1323chapters at formation, peak, end
Lordship of Ireland1152–1541chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Vladimir-Suzdal1157–1328chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Serbia1166–1459chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Ayyubid Sultanate1171–1260chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Bosnia1180–1481chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Second Bulgarian Empire1185–1396chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Principality of Galicia-Volhynia1188–1347chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
The Kamakura Shogunate1192–1333chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Epirus1204–1479chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction, afterlife
Latin Empire of Constantinople1204–1261chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania1204–1569chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Empire of Nicaea1204–1261chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Empire of Trebizond1204–1461chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Delhi Sultanate1206–1526chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Mongol Empire1206–1368chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Singhasari1222–1292chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Chagatai Khanate1226–1347chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Hafsid Sultanate1229–1574chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Rasulid Sultanate1229–1454chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Emirate of Granada1232–1492chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Mali Empire1235–1670chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen1235–1556chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
The Kingdom of Sukhothai1238–1370chapters at formation, peak, end
Golden Horde1242–1502chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Marinid Sultanate1244–1465chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Sakya Regime (Sakya-Mongol Government of Tibet)1247–1354chapters at formation, peak, end, aside
Karamanid Beylik1250–1487chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Mamluk Sultanate1250–1517chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Principality of Wales1255–1282chapters at formation, peak, end
Ilkhanate1256–1335chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, end, afterlife
Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo1261–1517chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Mayapan1263–1461chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
The Grand Principality of Moscow1263–1547chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Samudera Pasai1267–1524chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Principality of Tver1270–1485chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Yuan Empire1271–1368chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
The House of Austria1273–1499chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction
Kingdom of Naples1282–1816chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
The Kingdom of Pegu (Hanthawaddy)1287–1539chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Kediri under Jayakatwang1292–1293chapters at formation, end
Majapahit1293–1527chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Ottoman Empire1299–1922chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Chimor1300–1470chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, end
Kutai Kartanegara (later Kutai Kartanegara Ing Martadipura)1300–1747chapters at formation, peak, end, aside
Luwu1300–1611chapters at formation, aside, end
Aydinid Beylik1308–1426chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Muzaffarid Dynasty1314–1393chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Aztec Empire1325–1521chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Kingdom of Bone1326–1860chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Wallachia1330–1859chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end
The Kenmu Restoration1333–1336chapters at formation, contraction, end
Jalayirid Sultanate1335–1432chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
The Ashikaga Shogunate1336–1573chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Nanboku-chō (the Southern Court)1336–1392chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Vijayanagara1336–1793chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Sarbadars1337–1381chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Sultanate of Bengal1338–1538chapters at formation, aside, peak, end
Sultanate of Kashmir1339–1586chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
The Kingdom of Gelgel1343–1686chapters at formation, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Bahmani Sultanate1347–1526chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Moghulistan1347–1533chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Pagaruyung Kingdom1347–1833chapters at formation, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Kongo1350–1709chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
The Kingdom of Ayutthaya1351–1767chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Lan Xang (Luang Prabang and Vientiane)1353–1779chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Moldavia1359–1859chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end
The Sultanate of Brunei1368–1888chapters at formation, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Ming Empire1368–1644chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Northern Yuan1368–1635chapters at formation, contraction, end, afterlife
Timurid Empire1370–1507chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Kara Koyunlu1374–1468chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Ak Koyunlu1378–1508chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Sultanate of Khandesh1382–1601chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Joseon1392–1904chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Sultanate of Malwa1392–1561chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Sharqi Sultanate of Jaunpur1394–1489chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Sultanate of Gujarat1396–1572chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Sultanate of Melaka1400–1511chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Duchy of Burgundy1419–1477chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Wattasid Dynasty1420–1554chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Dai Viet under the Later Le1428–1788chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Inca Empire1438–1571chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Khanate of Kazan1438–1552chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Crimean Khanate1441–1783chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Haudenosaunee Confederacy (Iroquois League)1450–1848chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
The Sultanate of Sulu1450–1915chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Tahirid Sultanate of Yemen1454–1517chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Songhai Empire1464–1591chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Kazakh Khanate1465–1723chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Khanate of Astrakhan1466–1556chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife, aside
The Sultanate of Kedah1474–1821chapters at formation, expansion, end
The Sultanate of Demak1475–1554chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
The Sultanate of Magindanao1475–1837chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Sultanate of Cirebon1479–1809chapters at formation, expansion, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Nogai Horde1481–1672chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Berar Sultanate1485–1572chapters at formation, end
Kingdom of Benin1486–1897chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Sultanate of Ternate1486–1683chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Ahmadnagar Sultanate1490–1599chapters at formation, expansion, end
Bijapur Sultanate1490–1596chapters at formation, peak, contraction
Bidar Sultanate1492–1609chapters at formation, peak
Khanate of Sibir1493–1598chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Aceh Darussalam1496–1903chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Loango1500–1787chapters at formation, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Ndongo1500–1671chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
The Sultanate of Patani1500–1786chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Shaybanid Khanate1500–1599chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Safavid Empire1501–1736chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Mutapa Empire1505–1902chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Saadi Sultanate1510–1659chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Khanate of Khiva1511–1873chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
The Sultanate of Gowa1511–1669chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Golconda Sultanate1512–1611chapters at formation, expansion, peak
Rajahnate of Cebu1521–1565chapters at formation, peak, end
The Sultanate of Tidore1521–1805chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
Sultanate of Banjar1526–1860chapters at formation, aside, expansion, contraction, end, afterlife
The Habsburg Monarchy1526–1804chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Mughal Empire1526–1857chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
The Sultanate of Banten1527–1684chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end, afterlife
The Sultanate of Johor1528–1699chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, end, afterlife
Toungoo Dynasty1531–1752chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Tu'i Tonga Empire1535–1610chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Kingdom of Ireland1541–1800chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
The Principality of Transylvania1541–1691chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
The Tsardom and Empire of Russia1547–1917chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
The Kingdom of Pajang1568–1588chapters at formation, aside, expansion, end, afterlife
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth1569–1831chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Tondo and Maynila1570–1571chapters at peak, end
The Toyotomi Regime1582–1600chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
The Sultanate of Mataram1587–1755chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Sultanate of Malindi1589–1632chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, end
Khanate of Bukhara1599–1873chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, end
Kuba Kingdom1600–1962chapters at formation, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
The Tokugawa Shogunate1603–1868chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Powhatan Confederacy1607–1646chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end, afterlife
Sultanate of Jambi1615–1904chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Qing Empire1616–1912chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Ya'ariba Imamate1624–1744chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Dzungar Khanate1635–1758chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Ganden Phodrang (Dalai Lama's Government)1635–1912chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Palembang Sultanate1659–1823chapters at formation, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Lunda Empire1680–1875chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction
Luba Kingdom1700–1880chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction
Asante Empire1701–1901chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Hotak Dynasty1709–1738chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura1718–1946chapters at formation, expansion, end
Natchez1723–1730chapters at formation, aside, peak, end
Emirate of Diriyah1727–1818chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Afsharid Dynasty1736–1796chapters at formation, expansion, aside, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Al Bu Sa'id Sultanate1744–1861chapters at formation, aside, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Mazaru'i Mombasa1746–1837chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, end
Sultanate of Pate1746–1822chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, end
Khanate of Kokand1750–1876chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Zand Dynasty1751–1794chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Konbaung Dynasty (Alaungpaya Dynasty)1752–1824chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti1762–1801chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Tay Son1774–1802chapters at formation, peak, end
Kingdom of Hawaii1782–1893chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Qajar Dynasty1789–1925chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, aside, end, afterlife
Kingdom of Tahiti1797–1880chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Sokoto Caliphate1800–1903chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife
Zulu Kingdom1816–1879chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Basotho Kingdom1820–1870chapters at formation, peak, contraction, end
Ndebele Kingdom1823–1894chapters at formation, expansion, peak, end
Emirate of Nejd1824–1891chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, aside, afterlife
Sultanate of Riau-Lingga1824–1911chapters at formation, end
Caucasian Imamate1828–1859chapters at formation, expansion, peak, aside, contraction, end, afterlife
Bau1829–1874chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end
Emirate of Jabal Shammar1836–1921chapters at formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife, aside
Sultanate of Zanzibar1861–1946chapters at formation, expansion, contraction, end, afterlife
Why some rows have no peak
The phase vocabulary — formation, expansion, peak, contraction, end, afterlife — is optional, and the rows that do not use all of it are the reason. The Ghurids barely had a golden age before Khwarazm ended them, and the Tahirids never expanded: they were granted a province and kept it. Forcing every polity through the same 6 acts would mean writing something untrue about at least two of them, so the tag is left off and the row shows the absence.
The spine sits beside the name rather than on the chart. Chapters carry no dates of their own, and a mark placed at a horizontal position on an axis labelled in years is a date whether or not it was meant as one — the same class of error as inventing a figure, committed in pixels. The spine says which phases are written. It says nothing about when they were.
One mark is on the axis, and it is cited: where a source dates its own extent figure to a year, that year is drawn. Sixty of these records carry one.