West Africa

The Sahel and the forest below it: states that lived on the crossing charge for gold going north and salt coming south, from Ghana on the upper Senegal to Asante on the Volta, over a thousand years of the same trade changing hands.

The line below is a time axis. Position on it is date, so concurrency is visible: concurrent polities sit side by side rather than in sequence.

1 sourced edge runs between this region and another, to Saadi Sultanate. Those are not drawn on this line — a thread that crossed regions would assert a sequence nobody cited — but they are on each polity’s own page.

7008009001000110012001300140015001600170018001900Ghana 700–830 to 1240Kanem-Bornu 700–950 to 1893Mali Empire 1235 – 1670Songhai Empire 1464 – 1591Kingdom of Benin 1486 – 1897Asante Empire 1701 – 1901Sokoto Caliphate 1800–1804 to 19031240 Mali Empire absorbed remnants of Ghana1468 Songhai Empire absorbed remnants of Mali Empire