The Turkic Steppe

The grassland from Manchuria to the Danube, and the confederations that governed it by being able to leave. A khaganate on the Orkhon could put more cavalry in the field than any settled state and could not hold a city; the ones that lasted longest were the ones that learned to tax a trade route instead.

The line below is a time axis. Position on it is date, so concurrency is visible: concurrent polities sit side by side rather than in sequence.

6 sourced edges run between this region and another, to Hephthalite Confederation, Liao Empire, Mongol Empire, Golden Horde and Carolingian Empire. Those are not drawn on this line — a thread that crossed regions would assert a sequence nobody cited — but they are on each polity’s own page.

200 BC20040060080010001200Xiongnu Confederation 209 BC – 91Rouran Khaganate 394 to 546–552First Turkic Khaganate 552 – 744Avar Khaganate 558 – 805Khazar Khaganate 650 – 969Uyghur Khaganate 744 – 840Volga Bulgaria 922 – 1237Cuman-Kipchak confederation 1054 – 1331Qara Khitai 1124–1134 to 1218552 First Turkic Khaganate absorbed remnants of Xiongnu Confederation (contested)552 First Turkic Khaganate overthrew Rouran Khaganate650 Khazar Khaganate seceded from First Turkic Khaganate (contested)744 Uyghur Khaganate absorbed remnants of First Turkic Khaganate